Mechanical and bond properties of coconut shell concrete

By K. Gunasekaran, P. S. Kumar, M. Lakshmipathy. 2011

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Long term study on compressive and bond strength of coconut shell aggregate concrete (2012, unknown): “Since the moisture retaining and water absorbing capacity of CS are more compared to conventional aggregate and it is recommended to treat the CS before use as an aggregate for water absorption [1–6], the effects of different curing conditions on CS aggregate concrete compressive and bond strength a”
Structure, Fractality, Mechanics and Durability of Calcium Silicate Hydrates (2021, background): “However, their tensile strength is quite low, usually only 10−15% of their compressive strength [1,2], which leads to the fact that cement-based materials need to work in conjunction with steel bars with excellent tensile properties when they are utilized in the engineering construction.”
Study on reinforced lightweight coconut shell concrete beam behavior under shear (2013, methodology): “Some of the lightweight aggregates used for LWC production are pumice, perlite, expanded clay or vermiculite, coal slag, sintered fly ash, rice husk, straw, sawdust, cork granules, wheat husk, oil palm shell, and coconut shell [4–9].”
Utilization of oil palm kernel shell as lightweight aggregate in concrete - a review (2013, result): “[28] showed that water absorption, specific gravity, impact value and bulk density of coconut shell aggregate were comparable to those of OPKSC.”