Neutrophil extracellular traps capture and kill Candida albicans yeast and hyphal forms

By C. Urban, U. Reichard, V. Brinkmann, Arturo Zychlinsky. Cellular Microbiology, 2006

1,015 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Neutrophils phagocytose and kill microbes upon phagolysosomal fusion. Recently we found that activated neutrophils form extracellular fibres that consist of granule proteins and chromatin. These neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) degrade virulence factors and kill Gram positive and negative bacteria. Here we show for the first time that Candida albicans, a eukaryotic pathogen, induces NET‐formation and is susceptible to NET‐mediated killing. C. albicans is the predominant aetiologic agent of fungal infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. One major virulence trait of C. albicans is its ability to reversibly switch from singular budding cells to filamentous hyphae. We demonstrate that NETs kill both yeast‐form and hyphal cells, and that granule components mediate fungal killing. Taken together our data indicate that neutrophils trap and kill ascomycetous yeasts by forming NETs.

Subfields: Epidemiology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98092d7bad88ae93b3f7cdf70b5844a2bfdd1b35

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Epidemiology

1. P. Kubes
2. B. Yipp
3. F. Sallusto
4. V. Papayannopoulos
5. A. Lanzavecchia
6. Arturo Zychlinsky
7. Kathleen D. Metzler

In Immunology

1. P. Kubes
2. Arturo Zychlinsky
3. V. Brinkmann
4. V. Papayannopoulos
5. F. Sallusto
6. B. Yipp
7. A. Lanzavecchia
8. Kathleen D. Metzler

In Infectious Diseases

1. P. Kubes
2. B. Yipp
3. V. Brinkmann

Citations in the corpus

• NETosis: how vital is it? (2013, methodology): “Using scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy, Zychlinsky et al demonstrated that C albicans initiates and adheres to the NET structure.(71) Aspergillus fumigatus has also been visualized being captured by NETs using Figure 3.”
• Surface phenotype and antigenic specificity of human interleukin 17–producing T helper memory cells (2007, background): “, T H -17 cells might induce the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, thus promoting neutrophil-mediated entrapment and killing of hypha”
• Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps (2007, neutral): “These structures bind Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, as well as fungi (Urban et al., 2006).”
• Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Contain Calprotectin, a Cytosolic Protein Complex Involved in Host Defense against Candida albicans (2009, background): “Whereas bacteria [3] and parasites [14] probably are killed by histones in NETs, in a previous study we found that purified histones did affect Candida albicans in vitro only poorly [13].”
• Beneficial suicide: why neutrophils die to make NETs (2007, neutral): “gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9526"> Candida albicans”
• Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Its Implications in Inflammation: An Overview (2017, background): “Autoimmunity is triggered by cPR-3(105-201), a protein complementary to human autoantigen proteinase-3.”
• Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase regulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (2010, background): “…are composed of decondensed chromatin and antimicrobial factors, including neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO; Brinkmann et al., 2004; Urban et al., 2009), and capture and kill bacteria, fungi, and parasites (Urban et al., 2006; GuimarãesCosta et al., 2009; Ramos-Kichik et al. 2009).”
• Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Directly Induce Epithelial and Endothelial Cell Death: A Predominant Role of Histones (2012, background): “These structures can bind and kill bacteria and fungi [4–7], whereby NET-associated proteins such as elastase and histones exhibit bactericidal and leishmanicidal activity [5,8].”