Single-Shot Ad26 Vaccine Protects Against SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Macaques

By N. Mercado, R. Zahn, F. Wegmann, C. Loos, A. Chandrashekar, Jingyou Yu, Jinyan Liu, Lauren Peter, K. McMahan, Lisa H. Tostanoski and 58 more. Nature, 2020

806 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A safe and effective vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be required to end the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic1–8. For global deployment and pandemic control, a vaccine that requires only a single immunization would be optimal. Here we show the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a single dose of adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector-based vaccines expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein in non-human primates. Fifty-two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were immunized with Ad26 vectors that encoded S variants or sham control, and then challenged with SARS-CoV-2 by the intranasal and intratracheal routes9,10. The optimal Ad26 vaccine induced robust neutralizing antibody responses and provided complete or near-complete protection in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal swabs after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Titres of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies correlated with protective efficacy, suggesting an immune correlate of protection. These data demonstrate robust single-shot vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates. The optimal Ad26 vector-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, termed Ad26.COV2.S, is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. The protective efficacy of a single dose of adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector-based vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in non-human primates is demonstrated.

Subfields: Epidemiology, Genetics, Infectious Diseases

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94cc469369ef82f7db96700db8bcd9efb5e63a7e

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In Epidemiology

1. F. Krammer

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Citations in the corpus

• COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survival (2020, neutral): “Similarly, animal models testing candidate vaccine approaches have demonstrated that protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge is positively correlated with the development of high titers of neutralizing antibodies (Mercado et al., 2020; Yu et al., 2020).”
• Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity (2020, neutral): “Activation induced cell marker assay Assays were conducted as previously described (Grifoni et al., 2020a; Morou et al., 2019; Reiss et al., 2017).”
• Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection (2021, background): “Immunization studies in nonhuman primates have indicated that circulating neutralization titers of ~200 may provide sterilizing immunity against a relatively high-dose URT challenge (66), and neutralizing titers of ~3400 may provide sterilizing immunity against a very high doseURT challenge (67), al”
• Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021, positive): “Several non-human primate COVID-19 vaccine studies are consistent with the possibility of COVDI-19 vaccines preventing severe disease in humans but possibly not preventing URT infection (Corbett et al., 2020; van Doremalen et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2020; Guebre-Xabier et al., 2020; Mercado et al., 2”