Phospholipids undergo hop diffusion in compartmentalized cell membrane

By T. Fujiwara, K. Ritchie, H. Murakoshi, Ken Jacobson, A. Kusumi. Journal of Cell Biology, 2002

947 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The diffusion rate of lipids in the cell membrane is reduced by a factor of 5–100 from that in artificial bilayers. This slowing mechanism has puzzled cell biologists for the last 25 yr. Here we address this issue by studying the movement of unsaturated phospholipids in rat kidney fibroblasts at the single molecule level at the temporal resolution of 25 μs. The cell membrane was found to be compartmentalized: phospholipids are confined within 230-nm-diameter (φ) compartments for 11 ms on average before hopping to adjacent compartments. These 230-nm compartments exist within greater 750-nm-φ compartments where these phospholipids are confined for 0.33 s on average. The diffusion rate within 230-nm compartments is 5.4 μm2/s, which is nearly as fast as that in large unilamellar vesicles, indicating that the diffusion in the cell membrane is reduced not because diffusion per se is slow, but because the cell membrane is compartmentalized with regard to lateral diffusion of phospholipids. Such compartmentalization depends on the actin-based membrane skeleton, but not on the extracellular matrix, extracellular domains of membrane proteins, or cholesterol-enriched rafts. We propose that various transmembrane proteins anchored to the actin-based membrane skeleton meshwork act as rows of pickets that temporarily confine phospholipids.

Subfields: Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93ae558e2773e65d85e29cb914a33cd757ef82d9

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Citations in the corpus

Biological Physics of the Developing Embryo (2005, neutral): “Such diffusion has been studied extensively and diffusion coefficients have been measured (Saxton and Jacobson, 1997; Jacobson et al., 1997; Fujiwara et al., 2002).”
Single-molecule microscopy reveals plasma membrane microdomains created by protein-protein networks that exclude or trap signaling molecules in T cells. (2005, neutral): “Their evidence has suggested that this “hop difusional” motion involves corrals established by the acin cytoskeleton (Fujiwara et al., 2002; Ike et al., 2003; akada et al., 2003).”
Quantitative Colocalization Analysis of Multicolor Confocal Immunofluorescence Microscopy Images: Pushing Pixels to Explore Biological Phenomena (2007, background): “Another new and exceptionally promising trend in quantitative colocalization analysis is single-molecule colocalization in living cells [11, 14, 18].”
Lipid rafts: contentious only from simplistic standpoints (2006, background): “• Kusumi and colleagues have shown that the plasma membrane is compartmentalized by a picket fence of transmembrane proteins that are anchored to the submembrane actin cytoskeleton 26 , 67 - 69 .”
Anomalous transport in the crowded world of biological cells (2013, background): “n network, characterised by a mesh size of 110nm and an average hop frequency of 2.8s−1. Some years later, the same lab implemented a highspeed SPT setup with a temporal resolution of remarkable 25µs [284], which permitted the detailed tracking of DOPE phospholipids in rat kidney ﬁbroblasts. The obt”
Escape Through a Small Opening: Receptor Trafficking in a Synaptic Membrane (2004, background): “Thus, we can describe the motion of the receptor as a random walk between the confinement domains.(21,22) Assuming that the characteristic distance between (circular) confinement domains is d, the coarser random walk can be described as diffusion with a diffusion constant”
Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell (2009, background): “This rapid diffusion also prevents the fast tracking of single lipid molecules in their native cargo-free state 16–18 .”
Paradigm shift of the plasma membrane concept from the two-dimensional continuum fluid to the partitioned fluid: high-speed single-molecule tracking of membrane molecules. (2005, background): “” We still claim that these measurements are useful (and we carry out these measurements in our laboratory almost every day), but to make them useful, the involved time windows must be understood and explicitly specified in the literature (17, 18, 22, 30, 35, 55, 58, 80).”
Ultra-high resolution imaging by fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy. (2006, background): “measurements that have revealed time-dependent lateral heterogeneities in biological membranes (41,42).”
Feature point tracking and trajectory analysis for video imaging in cell biology. (2005, background): “, colloids Crocker and Grier, 1996), and biology (e.g., membrane protein and lipid diffusion Anderson et al., 1992; Fujiwara et al., 2002; Ghosh and Webb, 1994; Hicks and Angelides, 1995; Zhang et al., 1991).”
Robust single particle tracking in live cell time-lapse sequences (2008, methodology): “We demonstrate our approach based on two applications that critically depend on tracking robustness and globality: (1) Accurate, comprehensive lifetime analysis of endocytic clathrin-coated pits (CCPs), and (2) single molecule tracking of the macrophage transmembrane receptor CD36, revealing recepto”
Membrane organization and lipid rafts. (2011, background): “…could be observed by single molecule imaging at 25-msec time resolution, showing that proteins and lipids are undergoing shortterm confined diffusion before they “hop” over the barrier through a “hole” in the fence every 1–100 msec (Fujiwara et al. 2002; Murase et al. 2004; Morone et al. 2006).”