Spatial knowledge acquisition from direct experience in the environment: individual differences in the development of metric knowledge and the integration of separately learned places.

By Toru Ishikawa, Daniel R. Montello. Cognitive Psychology, 2006

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How researchers see this paper

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Taxonomy of Human Wayfinding Tasks: A Knowledge-Based Approach (2009, background): “2 Ishikawa & Montello (2006) have shown that learning of information on these three levels of knowledge need not follow a strict ascending order but can be obtained in parallel.”
THE CONTRIBUTION OF SPACE SYNTAX TO A COMPREHENSIVE THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (2007, background): “Sensitivity to metric properties that varies across individuals is even more apparent in another study of spatial knowledge acquisition, by Ishikawa and Montello (2006). They took participants, individually, on car rides through a complex and unfamiliar neighborhood with many obscuring hills, curved”
Thinking About Spatial Thinking: New Typology, New Assessments (2015, result): “We began by confirming the results of Ishikawa and Montello (2006) showing that there are pronounced individual differences in forming cognitive maps, even in a situation in which participants walk rather than being passively driven (Schinazi, Epstein, Nardi, Newcombe & Shipley, 2009).”