Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis

By Lance W Peterson, D. Artis. Nature reviews. Immunology, 2014

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Regulation of the intestinal barrier by nutrients: The role of tight junctions (2020, background): “The epithelium provides a biochemical and physical barrier to the diffusion of pathogens, toxins, and allergens from the lumen to the mucosal tissues (Peterson & Artis, 2014).”
Short chain fatty acids and its producing organisms: An overlooked therapy for IBD? (2021, background): “Furthermore, these mechanisms are regulated by the adaptive immune system, which requires more time and is cell-specific, unlike the innate response [32].”
Interleukin-22: immunobiology and pathology (2015, background): “The intestinal epithelium contains diverse subsets of functionally distinct cell types (269), and the specific cellular targets of IL-22 remain to be fully elucidated.”
Lipotoxicity and the gut-liver axis in NASH pathogenesis. (2018, background): “Accordingly, diet-induced dysbiosis has been associated, in rodents and in humans, with intestinal barrier alterations that cause increased intestinal permeability, leading to bacterial translocation followed by the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after binding with specific hepatic receptor”
Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2018, background): “That is the main mechanism associated with the progression of chronic liver disease [84, 85].”