Analysis of the efficiency of urban commercial vehicle tours: Data collection, methodology, and policy implications

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Planning approximations to the average length of vehicle routing problems with time window constraints (2009, unknown): “Time windows have a significant impact on decreasing the efficiency of routes, reducing service areas, and significantly increasing distance travelled (Figliozzi, 2007).”
Recent developments in national and international freight transport models within Europe (2012, background): “On the other hand, the area of urban freight transport modeling and city logistics has seen exciting new developments recently, and marrying these with national models would provide a better representation of the ‘last mile’ of the transports (Boerkamps and van Binsbergen, 1999;Figliozzi, 2007; van ”
Models for Evaluating and Planning City Logistics Systems (2009, background): “On average, for thirteen American cities, freight transportation represents some 10% of the total vehicle-kilometers travelled (Figliozzi, 2007); the same measure for the three largest French cities varies from 13% to 20% (Patier, 2002).”
Impacts of Congestion on Commercial Vehicle Tour Characteristics and Costs (2010, methodology): “Building on this work, Figliozzi (2007) proposes an analytical framework to study the impact of policy or network changes on urban freight VKT; the model shows that a decrease in travel speed severely affects tours with time window constraints while capacity constrained tours are less affected.”