Risks for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome: a summary of the evidence.

By E. Ford. Diabetes Care, 2005

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Reciprocal Relationships Between Insulin Resistance and Endothelial Dysfunction: Molecular and Pathophysiological Mechanisms (2006, neutral): “Activation of PI 3-kinase generates lipid products, including PI (3,4,5) P3.”
Mortality trends in the general population: the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness (2010, background): “A cluster of several metabolic factors associated with higher risk of diabetes, CVD, and all-cause mortality (Gami et al., 2007; Ford, 2005) may explain an additional proportion of the mechanisms linking CRF to risk of mortality.”
The metabolic syndrome: useful concept or clinical tool? Report of a WHO Expert Consultation (2010, background): “Other central or contributory mechanisms that have been considered include: chronic activation of the immune system; disorders of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis; altered glucocorticoid hormone action; chronic stress; and the contributions of cytokines, hormones and other molecules produced ”
Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies (2011, background): “Several epidemiological studies have confirmed the increased risk of CVD in individuals with MetS, independently of the diagnostic criteria used [32-39].”