Immunity-Related Genes and Gene Families in Anopheles gambiae

By G. Christophides, E. Zdobnov, C. Barillas-Mury, Ewan Birney, S. Blandin, C. Blass, P. Brey, F. S. Collins, A. Danielli, G. Dimopoulos and 25 more. Science, 2002

973 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We have identified 242 Anopheles gambiae genes from 18 gene families implicated in innate immunity and have detected marked diversification relative to Drosophila melanogaster. Immune-related gene families involved in recognition, signal modulation, and effector systems show a marked deficit of orthologs and excessive gene expansions, possibly reflecting selection pressures from different pathogens encountered in these insects' very different life-styles. In contrast, the multifunctional Toll signal transduction pathway is substantially conserved, presumably because of counterselection for developmental stability. Representative expression profiles confirm that sequence diversification is accompanied by specific responses to different immune challenges. Alternative RNA splicing may also contribute to expansion of the immune repertoire.

Subfields: Immunology, Insect Science, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/89a11663e0baf3e8dd61c02813b90ded580fbf0d

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Immunology

1. Yuemei Dong
2. Fabio Manfredini
3. G. Dimopoulos
4. D. Hultmark
5. J. Imler
6. C. Hétru

In Insect Science

1. Yuemei Dong
2. Fabio Manfredini
3. G. Dimopoulos
4. Yanping Chen
5. Jay D. Evans
6. D. Hultmark
7. J. Imler
8. C. Hétru

In Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

1. Yuemei Dong
2. Fabio Manfredini
3. G. Dimopoulos

Citations in the corpus

• The biology of blood-sucking in insects (2005, neutral): “Detailed comparison of Drosophila and Anopheles immunity genes has already been performed (Christophides et al., 2002), and a comparison of the Drosophila genes and Glossina morsitans morsitans midgut EST has been published (Lehane et al.”
• Complement-like protein TEP1 is a determinant of vectorial capacity in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. (2004, background): “TEP1 staining in hemocytes was more initiating the formation of a lytic membrane attack com- pronounced at 24 and 48 hr postinfection (hpi) as complex (for review, see Carroll and Fischer, 1997; Law and pared to uninfected controls (Levashina et al., 2001 and Dodds, 1997).”
• Implication of the Mosquito Midgut Microbiota in the Defense against Malaria Parasites (2009, background): “The ingestion of bacteria stimulated an elevated expression of genes code for the antimicrobial peptide IRSP1, the signal transducing serine proteases ClipB16, and inhibitor SRPN6 and SRPN7, and various pattern recognition receptors including AgMDLs 4, 6, and 7, CTL, CTLGA1, CTLGA3, and CTLMA6, FBNs”
• A Quantitative Study of Gene Regulation Involved in the Immune Response of Anopheline Mosquitoes (2006, methodology): “(2001) use the Mclust software of Fraley and Raftery (1999) (available at http://www.stat.washington.edu/fraley/mclust), a generic Bayesian clustering tool, to analyze gene expression profiles. Mclust fits Gaussian process clusters which are optimized against a BIC criterion. The covariance matrix o”
• Invertebrate immune systems – not homogeneous, not simple, not well understood (2004, background): “melanogaster and the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (25, 26).”
• Immune pathways and defence mechanisms in honey bees Apis mellifera (2006, background): “In Drosophila , the Toll signalling pathway is enacted when the cytokine-like molecule Spaetzle binds to the extracellular domain of the transmembrane receptor Toll.”