If “Boys Will Be Boys,” Then Girls Will Be Victims? A Meta-Analytic Review of the Research That Relates Masculine Ideology to Sexual Aggression

By Sarah K. Murnen, Carrie Wright, Gretchen Kaluzny. 2002

501 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8855bbf564ad9e3f7479439fb2510479df0d8715

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Citations in the corpus

Fraternity Membership, the Display of Degrading Sexual Images of Women, and Rape Myth Acceptance (2005, background): “Past research has shown that “hypermasculine” beliefs that include acceptance of men’s sexual dominance and aggression against women have consistently been associated with selfreport of SA (e.g., see meta-analytic review by Murnen, Wright, & Kaluzny, 2002 ).”
Pornography Viewing among Fraternity Men: Effects on Bystander Intervention, Rape Myth Acceptance and Behavioral Intent to Commit Sexual Assault (2011, methodology): “This has been used in many studies as a measure of behavioral intent to commit sexual assault (Abrams, Viki, Masser, & Bohner, 2003 ; Murnen, Wright, & Kaluzny, 2002 ; Stephens & George, 2009 ).”
Effects of exposure to sex-stereotyped video game characters on tolerance of sexual harassment (2008, background): “In essence, rape myths are ‘‘cognitive justiﬁcations for sexual aggression,” that ‘‘create a climate that allows rape to occur” (Murnen et al., 2007, p. 362; see also Looby, 2001; Mastronardi, 2003; Stark, 2007).”
Why Is Fraternity Membership Associated With Sexual Assault? Exploring the Roles of Conformity to Masculine Norms, Pressure to Uphold Masculinity, and Objectification of Women (2018, background): “Indeed, a meta analysis of masculine ideology and sexual aggression found that out of 11 different measures of masculinity, all but one showed a significant effect size in predicting perpetration of sexual aggression (Murnen et al., 2002); the effect sizes were larger for hypermasculinity than for g”
Factors Influencing Attitudes to Violence Against Women (2009, unknown): “However, For example, measures of general gender-role attitudes have less power to predict men’s sexual aggression than measures of hostile and patriarchal masculine beliefs in particular (Murnen et al., 2002).”
Pornography, Individual Differences in Risk and Men’s Acceptance of Violence Against Women in a Representative Sample (2011, unknown): “It is designed to help reconcile the findings of studies published in the scientific literature generally and in this journal specifically (e.g., Lanis and Covell 1995. Milburn et al. 2000; Murnen et al. 2002; Taylor 2006) that have yielded conflicting findings that have not been adequately reconcil”
Conforming to Masculine Norms: Evidence for Validity among Adult Men and Women (2006, background): “Researchers have demonstrated positive correlations between these constructs over successive generations of undergraduates and various measures (Thompson & Pleck, 1986; Villemez & Touhey, 1977; for meta-analysis, see Murnen, Wright, & Kaluzny, 2002 ).”
Athletic Participation, Fraternity Membership, and Sexual Aggression Among College Men: A Meta-analytic Review (2007, background): “This is an important finding in that hypermasculinity also emerged as the strongest predictor of sexual aggression in the meta-analysis conducted by Murnen et al. (2003) .”
Television's Role in the Culture of Violence Toward Women: A Study of Television Viewing and the Cultivation of Rape Myth Acceptance in the United States (2011, methodology): “The original Burt scale was chosen for its wide use and consistency with prior literature (Murnen et al., 2002).”