The toxins of Cyanobacteria.

By J. Patočka. Acta medica, 2001

785 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Cyanobacteria, formerly called "blue-green algae", are simple, primitive photosynthetic microorganism wide occurrence in fresh, brackish and salt waters. Forty different genera of Cyanobacteria are known and many of them are producers of potent toxins responsible for a wide array of human illnesses, aquatic mammal and bird morbidity and mortality, and extensive fish kills. These cyanotoxins act as neurotoxins or hepatotoxins and are structurally and functionally diverse, and many are derived from unique biosynthetic pathways. All known cyanotoxins and their chemical and toxicological characteristics are presented in this article.

Subfields: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Environmental Chemistry

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/86393fac68c9e544944c1a3b66d3bfa57688da04

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In Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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Citations in the corpus

Neurotoxic Alkaloids: Saxitoxin and Its Analogs (2010, neutral): “Three structural families of SXT are classified by the identity of the R4 side chain as either N-sulfocarbamoyl, decarbamoyl, or carbamoyl, each with increasing toxicity in mammalian bioassays (Table 2) [7,9,90].”
Inhibition of growth and photosynthesis of the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense by Microcystis sp. (cyanobacteria): A novel allelopathic mechanism (2002, background): “Many Microcystis species are known to produce an array of hepatotoxic cyclic peptides, the microcystins, which inhibit protein phosphatase PP1 and PP2A (Carmichael 1994).”
Dynamics and metabolic activity of the benthic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in the Grangent reservoir (France) (2004, background): “Indeed, some cyanobacteria are able to synthesize toxins (Harada et al., 1990; Feuillade, 1992; Carmichael, 1994; Sinoven and Jones, 1999; Jacoby et al., 2000), representing a danger to human and animal health (Duy et al., 2000; Falconer, 2001; Briand et al., 2003).”
The Haber Bosch–harmful algal bloom (HB–HAB) link (2014, methodology): “Data are from Wang et al (2011), originally reported by SOA (2010; reproduced under Creative Commons license). (B) and C Correlations between annual number of HABs or areal extent of HABs in China marginal seas and urea use. (D) The annual number of HAB occurrences in the Huanghai (Yellow) Sea regio”
Freshwater Microbiology: Biodiversity and Dynamic Interactions of Microorganisms in the Aquatic Environment (2005, background): “In the freshwater environment, toxins are produced and secreted in quantity by one major group of algae – the blue-greens (Carmichael, 1994).”
Algal Mats and Insect Emergence in Rivers Under Mediterranean Climates: Towards Photogrammetric Surveillance (2009, background): “Alternatively, however, nitrogenous compounds elaborated by cyanobacteria may be indigestible or toxic (Carmichael, 1994).”
Nutritional constraints at the cyanobacteria—Daphnia magna interface: The role of sterols (2008, background): “aeruginosa that potentially cause hazards to human health and livestock (Carmichael 1994).”
Consequences of impaired microcystin production for light-dependent growth and pigmentation of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 (2001, background): “Cyanobacteria are known to produce a variety of bioactive substances including antibiotics, cytotoxins, neurotoxins and hepatotoxins as well as substances with antiviral and anti-algal e¡ects [1,2].”
Accumulation and depuration of microcystin produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis in a freshwater snail (2003, background): “Microcystin is known to be a potent hepatotoxin (Carmichael 1994) and tumor promoter (Nishiwaki-Matsushima et al.”
Methods and Approaches Used for Detection of Cyanotoxins in Environmental Samples: A Review (2013, background): “…droplets or contact with nasal mucous membranes through recreational contact, dermal contact with toxins through bathing or recreational activities such as swimming from bloom containing water, and consumption of contaminated fish and shellfish (Sivonen and Jones, 1999; van Apeldoorn et al., 2007).”
Still challenging: the ecological function of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin – What we know so far (2018, background): “E-mail: stephan.pflugmacher@tu-berlin.de variable L-amino acids, D-MeAsp is D-erythro methylaspartic acid, Adda is a unique 3-amino-9-methoxy-2, 6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoicacid, and Mdha is N-methyldehydroalanine (Figure 1A) (Van Apeldoorn et al., 2007).”
Effects of a cyanobacterial bloom (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) on bacteria and zooplankton communities in Ingazeira reservoir (northeast Brazil) (2001, background): “Frequently, these blooms can produce a wide range of toxins in water, posing a potential risk to livestock (Carmichael 1994, Codd 2000) and human health (such as the Caruaru tragedy in Pernambuco state, Brazil; Azevedo 1996).”
Microcystis aeruginosa : source of toxic microcystins in drinking water (2003, methodology): “An and Carmichael (1994) has used a direct competitive ELISA to examine the specificity of the rabbit anti-microcystin-LR polyclonal antibodies.”
Sustainability and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae): facts and challenges (2011, background): “They inhibit nerve conduction by blocking sodium channels (Carmichael 1994).”
Toxin profile of Alexandrium catenella from the Chilean coast as determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (2007, background): “These toxins are produced by marine dinoflagellates belonging to the genera Alexandrium, Pyrodinium and Gymnodinium, as well as by certain species of freshwater and brackish water cyanobacteria (Hall et al., 1990; Carmichael, 1994).”