SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models

By Kristopher J Preacher, Andrew F. Hayes. Behavoir research methods, instruments & computers, 2004

17,713 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Clinical Psychology, Sociology and Political Science, Statistics and Probability

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8432aa15730df7432e1ca82ce48f0a90da2a86ec

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Citations in the corpus

Diabolical dictators or capable commanders? An investigation of the differential effects of autocratic leadership on team performance (2015, methodology): “…characterized bymore or less intrateam power struggles.3 The first analysis involved assessing team power struggles as a moderating variable of the indirect effect of leader consideration on team performance through psychological safety using the MODMEDmacro (Model 7, Preacher & Hayes, 2004).”
Student Perceptions of Teacher Support and Competencies for Fostering Youth Purpose and Positive Youth Development: Perspectives From Two Countries (2014, methodology): “…variable is significantly reduced when controlling for the mediator; evidence of this is indicated by Sobel’s asymptotic Z test for mediation (Preacher & Hayes, 2004; Sobel, 1982).4 This final step in the mediation testing followed the establishment of the structural models in each sample,…”
Perceived interactivity leading to e-loyalty: Development of a model for cognitive-affective user responses (2009, methodology): “To test for mediation, the Sobel test was conducted, as recommended by Preacher and Hayes (2004).”
Anxious and Depressive Avoidance and Symptoms of Prolonged Grief, Depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (2010, methodology): “If Steps 1 through 4 were met, Sobel’s test was conducted to examine if the mediational pathway was significant (Preacher & Hayes, 2004; Sobel, 1982).”
Do negative interactions mediate the effects of Negative Emotionality, Communal Positive Emotionality, and Constraint on relationship satisfaction? (2007, methodology): “…is established by comparing the chi-square fit of the ‘full’ models that included paths for direct effects of personality predicting relationship quality (both actor and partner paths) to the fit of ‘reduced’ models where these direct paths were not estimated (e.g., Preacher & Hayes, 2004).”
How Do Leaders Influence Innovation and Creativity in Employees? The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation (2021, methodology): “For the mediating H3 and H4, we applied the Preacher and Hayes (2004, 2008) rule of thumb to assess the mediation effect intrinsic motivation in the relationship of IL with IWB and EC.”
Emotional Mechanisms Linking Incivility at Work to Aggression and Withdrawal at Home: An Experience-Sampling Study (2018, methodology): “A bias-corrected confidence interval was calculated for the indirect effect by locating endpoints that corresponded to the boundary of a 95% confidence interval (see also Preacher & Hayes, 2004).”
The human side of leadership: Inspirational leadership effects on follower characteristics and happiness at work (HAW) (2020, background): “In consequence, according to Preacher and Hayes (2004), our hypothesis of mediation is supported (Table 3).”
The Relationship Between Emotion Knowledge, Emotion Regulation and Adjustment in Preschoolers: A Mediation Model (2016, positive): “For this reason, in the present study we followed the causal steps approach and we also employed bootstrapping analyses of the sampling distribution (with N = 5000 bootstrap re-samples) to test the indirect effect as suggested by Hayes (2009; Preacher and Hayes 2004).”
Leader perceptions and motivation as outcomes of followership role orientation and behavior (2018, methodology): “Following the mediation estimation approach advanced by Preacher and Hayes (2004), we first examined the effect size and the significance of the relationships linking the two mediators (i.e., voice and upward delegation) with the three leader outcome variables (i.e., perceived follower support,…”
Emotional and behavioral reactions to social undermining: A closer look at perceived offender motives (2009, background): “Another limitation is that indirect effects may not have normal distributions and often have inflated standard errors (Preacher & Hayes, 2004), potentially leading to overly conservative findings and an increased chance of Type II error.”