Diversity and evolution of class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems

By Sergey A. Shmakov, A. Smargon, David A. Scott, David B. T. Cox, N. Pyzocha, Winston X. Yan, Omar Abudayyeh, Jonathan Gootenberg, Kira S. Makarova, Yuri I. Wolf and 3 more. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2017

927 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems are characterized by effector modules that consist of a single multidomain protein, such as Cas9 or Cpf1. We designed a computational pipeline for the discovery of novel class 2 variants and used it to identify six new CRISPR–Cas subtypes. The diverse properties of these new systems provide potential for the development of versatile tools for genome editing and regulation. In this Analysis article, we present a comprehensive census of class 2 types and class 2 subtypes in complete and draft bacterial and archaeal genomes, outline evolutionary scenarios for the independent origin of different class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems from mobile genetic elements, and propose an amended classification and nomenclature of CRISPR–Cas.

Subfields: Insect Science, Molecular Biology, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/841e1ef813d69fd36e7fffe9c6ec0a592e58841f

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Insect Science

In Molecular Biology

In Plant Science

Citations in the corpus

RNA Editing with CRISPR-Cas13 (2017, background): “We generated mammalian codon-optimized versions of multiple Cas13 proteins, including 21 orthologs of Cas13a, 15 of Cas13b, and seven of Cas13c, and cloned them into an expression vector with N- and C-terminal nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences and a C-terminal msfGFP to enhance protein sta”
RNA-guided DNA insertion with CRISPR-associated transposases (2019, background): “Among the transposon-encoded CRISPR-Cas variants, the subtype V-K are the simplest because they contain a single-protein CRISPR-Cas effector (20, 21, 28), Cas12k (formerly, C2c5).”
The Biology of CRISPR-Cas: Backward and Forward. (2018, neutral): “These motifs are characteristic of higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide (HEPN)-binding domains, which are commonly found in RNases (Anantharaman et al., 2013; Shmakov et al., 2015, 2017).”
Genome Editing—Principles and Applications for Functional Genomics Research and Crop Improvement (2017, background): “Although the CRISPR/Cpf1 and CRISPR/Cas9 systems are similar, but also have some important differences (Shmakov et al., 2017).”
Amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 with CRISPR-Cas13a and mobile phone microscopy (2020, neutral): “To date, four type VI CRISPR-Cas13 subtypes have been identified: Cas13a (previously known as C2c2) (Abudayyeh et al., 2016; East-Seletsky et al., 2016; Shmakov et al., 2015), Cas13b (Smargon et al., 2017), Cas13c (Shmakov et al., 2017), and Cas13d (Konermann et al., 2018; Yan et al., 2018).”
CRISPR/Cas Systems towards Next-Generation Biosensing. (2019, background): “, Cas13a and Cas13b) effectors, not only in genome editing but also in biosensing systems [52,54,55].”
Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2 (2017, neutral): “While some Cas enzymes target DNA (7, 8), single effector RNA-guided RNases, such as Cas13a (previously known as C2c2) (8), can be reprogrammed with CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) to provide a platform for specific RNA sensing (9–12).”