An Integrated Threat Theory of Prejudice

By Walter G. Stephan, C. Stephan. 2000

1,563 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Political Science and International Relations, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/835347489a1470a920e34a101d7e80af785663c4

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Political Science and International Relations

1. Miles Hewstone
2. Eran Halperin
3. E. Green
4. T. Pettigrew
5. Gordon Hodson
6. Kristof Dhont
7. Neil Harrison
8. C. Aberson

In Sociology and Political Science

1. Miles Hewstone
2. Gordon Hodson
3. Kristof Dhont
4. Susan T. Fiske
5. John F. Dovidio
6. N. Ellemers
7. T. Pettigrew
8. Chris G. Sibley

Citations in the corpus

• The dominance of fear over hope in the life of individuals and collectives (2006, background): “These factors affect the appearance of a particular emotion that then takes the form of a collective emotional orientation (Rime & Christophe, 1997; Stephan & Stephan, 2000). de Rivera (1992) differentiated among emotional atmosphere, climate, and culture.”
• Why do right-wing adherents engage in more animal exploitation and meat consumption? (2014, background): “From an intergroup perspective, Integrated Threat Theory (Stephan & Stephan, 2000) posits that perceived outgroup threats are fundamental antecedents to negative outgroup attitudes, and can pertain to threats to dominant ingroup’s norms and values, in addition to threats to ideological, political, a”
• Measuring Realistic and Symbolic Threats of COVID-19 and Their Unique Impacts on Well-Being and Adherence to Public Health Behaviors (2020, background): “Although realistic threats can translate into symbolic threats—if everyone in a group dies, so will its culture—the integrated threat theory of intergroup relations suggests that both kinds of threats can have unique consequences (Stephan & Stephan, 2000; Zárate et al., 2004).”
• The effect of university roommate contact on ethnic attitudes and behavior (2005, background): “Intergroup anxiety may both reduce the initial likelihood of intergroup interactions and decrease as a result of favorable contact with outgroup members (Stephan & Stephan, 2000).”
• We are human, they are not: Driving forces behind outgroup dehumanisation and the humanisation of the ingroup (2012, background): “Finally, threat perceptions are a recurrent reality when dealing with different groups and have been amply studied in the realm of intergroup relations (e.g., Stephan & Stephan, 2000).”
• Relative Deprivation (2012, background): “One could compare GRD to integrated threat theory as predictors of intergroup attitudes (Stephan & Stephan, 2000).”
• Testing a New Theoretical Model for Attitudes Toward Immigrants (2016, background): “…two aspects of attitudes toward immigrants: perception of immigrants by local people in the receiving country (Stephan, DiazLoving, & Duran, 2000; Stephan & Stephan, 1996) and the local people’s opinions regarding immigration policy (Berry, 1997; Bourhis, Moise, Perreault, & Senecal, 1997; Burns…”
• We will hunt them down: How social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism fuel ethnic persecution of immigrants in fundamentally different ways (2008, background): “…and immigrants as a larger symbolic threat to their own culture and collective identity (Esses, Haddock, & Zanna, 1993; Esses, Hodson, & ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Ethnic persecution 6 6 Dovidio, 2003; Stephan & Stephan, 2000; Zárate, Garcia, Gorza, & Hitlan, 2002; see also Riek, Mania, & Gaertner, 2006).”
• Seeking and avoiding intergroup contact: Future frontiers of research on building social integration (2018, background): “…Pietrzak, & Downey, 2008), or indifference (Al Ramiah et al., 2015; Shelton & Richeson, 2005), impending threats to cherished values (Stephan & Stephan, 2000) or even physical threats (Mallan, Sax, & Lipp, 2009; for discussions of this literature's complexities, see Greenland,…”
• From prejudice to discrimination: The legitimizing role of perceived threat in discrimination against immigrants (2010, background): “…theory (LeVine & Campbell, 1972; Sherif, 1966), the instrumental model of group conflict (Esses, Jackson, & Armstrong, 1998), the sociofunctional threat-based approach (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005), and the integrated threat theory of prejudice (Stephan &Renfro, 2002; Stephan & Stephan, 2000).”
• Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Toward Immigrants in Italy: The Mediational Role of Anxiety and the Moderational Role of Group Salience (2003, background): “…Brown (1999; in their study of contact between British and Japanese nationals), showed that anxiety mediates the relation between quality of contact, as predictor, and negative out-group affect and intergroup bias, as outcomes (see also Stephan, Diaz-Loving, & Duran, 2000; Stephan & Stephan, 2000).”
• The BIAS map: behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes. (2007, background): “…(e.g., gay men vs. Mexican Americans) elicit different perceived threats (e.g., to health vs. property), which evoke functionally relevant, distinct emotions (e.g., respectively, disgust and pity vs. fear and anger; see also Esses, Dovidio, Jackson, & Armstrong, 2001; Stephan & Stephan, 2000).”