Mechanistic investigation of ionization suppression in electrospray ionization

By Richard King, Ryan Bonfiglio, C. Fernandez-metzler, C. Miller-Stein, T. Olah. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2000

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Validation of new methods. (2007, background): “While ESI has been reported to be much more prone to such effects, they may also occur with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) [18,19,32–35,37,38].”
Chemical derivatization and mass spectral libraries in metabolic profiling by GC/MS and LC/MS/MS. (2005, background): “Matrix effects (Matuszewski et al., 2003) can include ionization suppression (King et al., 2000; Choi et al., 2001) and ionization enhancement (Mallet et al., 2004; Liang et al., 2003) caused by the presence of salts and other components being ionized at the same time.”
Ion suppression in mass spectrometry. (2003, background): “Although ion suppression can have potential deleterious effects on both electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), evidence indicates that the electrospray interface is more likely to be impacted ( 1 ). Ionization effects can theoretically occur in either the”
Matrix effects: the Achilles heel of quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. (2005, background): “[23] have shown through a series of experiments that matrix effects are the result of competition between nonvolatile matrix components and analyte ions for access to the droplet surface for transfer to the gas phase.”