The tripartite synapse: roles for gliotransmission in health and disease.

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Pathological and protective roles of glia in chronic pain (2009, background): “Astrocytes and microglia (collectively referred to as glia) have well-documented roles in pain facilitation: they can modulate neuronal synaptic function and neuronal excitability by various mechanism”
Physiology of Astroglia. (2018, positive): “Intimate morphological relations between astroglial membranes and synaptic structures, as well as wide expression of neurotransmitter receptors in astrocytes, led to a concept of a synaptic triad (855), which subsequently developed into the tripartite synapse model (58, 626).”
Astrocytes: biology and pathology (2009, background): “The release of such gliotransmitters occurs in response to changes in neuronal synaptic activity, involves astrocyte excitability as reflected by increases in astrocyte [Ca]i, and can alter neuronal excitability [89, 162, 182, 215].”