Doing Gender

By C. West, D. Zimmerman. 1987

Subfields: AI Ethics, Fairness & Society

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In AI Ethics, Fairness & Society

1. H. Darwin
2. G. Fraser
3. Os Keyes
4. Danya Lagos
5. Sarah Thébaud

Citations in the corpus

• Diagnosing Gender Bias in Image Recognition Systems (2020, background): “A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript by others is a critical dimension of gender and a part of the interactional process of “doing gender” (West and Zimmerman 1987).”
• Evaluating inclusive gender identity measures for use in quantitative psychological research (2018, background): “While sex and gender researchers typically use the terms male/female in relation to sex and man/woman in relation to gender (e.g. West & Zimmerman, 1987), researchers routinely include ‘male’ and ‘female’ as response options to questions about gender identity rather than ‘man’ and ‘woman’ (e.g.…”
• Masculinity Threat, “Incel” Traits, and Violent Fantasies Among Heterosexual Men in the United States (2020, background): “Masculinity requires “doing gender” by continuously proving and seeking validation of one’s manhood (Vandello et al., 2008; West & Zimmerman, 1987).”
• The Misgendering Machines (2018, background): “The latter is seen to derive from the former: a person’s gender is an inevitable consequence of their sex [101].”
• Good Housekeeping, Great Expectations: Gender and Housework Norms (2019, background): “Here, we confirm the importance of gendered expectations as well as social consequences in reinforcing an interactionist perspective of “doing-gender” (Risman 1998; West and Zimmerman 1987).”
• What is gender, anyway: a review of the options for operationalising gender (2020, background): “…as sex which regards genitalia, chromosomes, and bodily attributes, while social aspects are referred to as gender (Frohard-Dourlent et al., 2017; West & Zimmerman, 1987), including cultural meanings associated with behaviour, personality and expressions conventionally labelled as feminine or…”
• Gender and energy: domestic inequities reconsidered (2019, background): “Through people performing and acting in accordancewith their ‘legitimate’ gender roles, the structure is remade (West & Zimmerman, 1987).”
• ‘If a girl’s photo gets sent around, that’s a way bigger deal than if a guy’s photo gets sent around’: gender, sexting, and the teenage years (2018, background): “In our examination, we include both males and females because of the importance tied to considering how significant a role gender (i.e. norms governing expectations related to how males and females are ‘supposed’ to behave) plays (Connell, 1995; West & Zimmerman, 1987).”
• Hearing Gender: Voice-Based Gender Classification Processes and Transgender Health Inequality (2019, background): “…in favor of purely behavioral or identity-based accounts of how gender operates in the social world, such as the emphasis on gender simply being “done” by individuals, transgender and cisgender alike (West and Zimmerman 1987), rather than negotiated in an embodied context (Messerschmidt 2009).”
• Challenging the Cisgender/Transgender Binary: Nonbinary People and the Transgender Label (2020, background): “Moon, Tobin, and Sumerau (2019) recently noted that such narratives are a central yet overlooked component of the interactional “doing” of gender (West and Zimmerman 1987, 2009).”