Chemical biology of peroxynitrite: kinetics, diffusion, and radicals.

By G. Ferrer-Sueta, Rafael Radi. ACS Chemical Biology, 2009

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The role of oxidative stress during inflammatory processes (2013, background): “A further oxidative modification of proteins is the addition of a carbonyl group such as ketone or aldehyde groups (carbonylation) to the side chain of amino acids, mainly proline, threonine, lysine, and arginine (DalleDonne et al., 2003).”
Peroxynitrite, a Stealthy Biological Oxidant* (2013, background): “Indeed, the formation of peroxynitrite occurswith a k1 of 10(10) M 1 s (1), 1 order of magnitude higher than that of enzymatic dismutation ( 1–2 10(9) M 1 s (1)) (2, 13).”
Nox proteins in signal transduction (2009, positive): “Superoxide is also capable of reacting with nitric oxide (NO), forming highly reactive and potentially damaging peroxynitrite (OONO−) (rate constant = 4-16 × 109 M−1s−1) [60].”
Oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite: Redox pathways in molecular medicine (2018, background): “Indeed, a fast reaction of ONOO− with CO2 leads to a transient adduct (ONOOCO−2 ) that then undergoes homolysis to carbonate radicals (CO•−3 ) and •NO2 in ∼35% yields (52).”