Peroxynitrite, a Stealthy Biological Oxidant*
By Rafael Radi. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2013
750 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Peroxynitrite is the product of the diffusion-controlled reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. Peroxynitrite, a reactive short-lived peroxide with a pKa of 6.8, is a good oxidant and nucleophile. It also yields secondary free radical intermediates such as nitrogen dioxide and carbonate radicals. Much of nitric oxide- and superoxide-dependent cytotoxicity resides on peroxynitrite, which affects mitochondrial function and triggers cell death via oxidation and nitration reactions. Peroxynitrite is an endogenous toxicant but is also a cytotoxic effector against invading pathogens. The biological chemistry of peroxynitrite is modulated by endogenous antioxidant mechanisms and neutralized by synthetic compounds with peroxynitrite-scavenging capacity.
Subfields: Biophysics, Inorganic Chemistry, Physiology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eba8e5cc5ec45668460687886c150ac9874ee8ab
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Citations in the corpus
- Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress (2015, background): “Radical–radical combination of the two species occurs exceedingly fast (rate constant 1 · 10(10) Ms), meaning that NO can outcompete the dismutation of O2 - by SODs (138).”
- Oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite: Redox pathways in molecular medicine (2018, background): “A thorough view of the contributory role of peroxynitrite to pathology has been reported elsewhere over the last decade (14, 52, 69, 70).”