The cavitation instability induced by the development of a re-entrant jet
By Mathieu Callenaere, J. Franc, J. Michel, M. Riondet. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2001
466 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The instability of a partial cavity induced by the development of a re-entrant jet is investigated on the basis of experiments conducted on a diverging step. Detailed visualizations of the cavity behaviour allowed us to identify the domain of the re-entrant jet instability which leads to classical cloud cavitation. The surrounding regimes are also investigated, in particular the special case of thin cavities which do not oscillate in length but surprisingly exhibit a re-entrant jet of periodical behaviour. The velocity of the re-entrant jet is measured from visualizations, in the case of both cloud cavitation and thin cavities. The limits of the domain of the re-entrant jet instability are corroborated by velocity fluctuation measurements. By varying the divergence and the confinement of the channel, it is shown that the extent of the auto-oscillation domain primarily depends upon the average adverse pressure gradient in the channel. This conclusion is corroborated by the determination of the pressure gradient on the basis of LDV measurements which shows a good correlation between the domain of the cloud cavitation instability and the region of high adverse pressure gradient. A simple phenomenological model of the development of the re-entrant jet in an adverse pressure gradient confirms the strong influence of the pressure gradient on the development of the re-entrant jet and particularly on its thickness. An ultrasonic technique is developed to measure the re-entrant jet thickness, which allowed us to compare it with the cavity thickness. By considering an estimate of the characteristic height of the perturbations developing on the interface of the cavity and of the re-entrant jet, it is shown that cloud cavitation requires negligible interaction between both interfaces, i.e. a thick enough cavity. In the case of thin cavities, this interaction becomes predominant; the cavity interface breaks at many points, giving birth to small-scale vapour structures unlike the large-scale clouds which are periodically shed in the case of cloud cavitation. The low-frequency content of the cloud cavitation instability is investigated using spectral analysis of wall pressure signals. It is shown that the characteristic frequency of cloud cavitation corresponds to a Strouhal number of about 0.2 whatever the operating conditions and the cavity length may be, provided the Strouhal number is computed on the basis of the maximum cavity length. For long enough cavities, another peak is observed in the spectra, at lower frequency, which is interpreted as a surge-type instability. The present investigations give insight into the instabilities that a partial cavity may undergo, and particularly the re-entrant jet instability. Two parameters are shown to be of most importance in the analysis of the re-entrant jet instability: the adverse pressure gradient and the cavity thickness compared to the re-entrant jet thickness. The present results allowed us to conduct a qualitative phenomenological analysis of the stability of partial cavities on cavitating hydrofoils. It is conjectured that cloud cavitation should occur for short enough cavities, of the order of half the chordlength, whereas the instability often observed at the limit between partial cavitation and super-cavitation is here interpreted as a cavitation surge-type instability.
Subfields: Aerospace Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Environmental Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/792829e770ebb5abe908c00e8824d633766f5443
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Citations in the corpus
- Time resolved PIV and flow visualization of 3D sheet cavitation (2006, unknown): “Callenaere et al. (2001) used a 2D backward”
- Frictional drag reduction by bubble injection (2014, unknown): “Cavitation-relevant phenomena are coupled with the technique, implicitly or explicitly (Callenaere et al. 2001).”
- An experimental investigation into supercavity closure mechanisms (2016, result): “According to a number of prior studies (Gopalan & Katz 2000; Callenaere et al. 2001; Kshatriya et al. 2007), a slender cavity generated from a small cavitator does not yield sufficient adverse pressure gradient to create a re-entrant jet and consequently, TV is favoured.”
- Advanced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (2019, background): “A dominant feature in the collapse of many cavitation bubbles is the development of a high-speed reentrant microjet penetrating the bubble [104,105].”
- Interfacial dynamics‐based modelling of turbulent cavitating flows, Part‐1: Model development and steady‐state computations (2004, background): “Adverse pressure gradients are known to be responsible for the re-entrant jet cavitation instability [35].”
- Analysis of cavitating flow structure by experimental and numerical investigations (2007, background): “This important role played by the adverse pressure gradient in the cavity wake in the development of the re-entrant jet, and thus in the inception of cloud cavitation, was previously described by Laberteaux & Ceccio (2001) and Callenaere et al. (2001).”
- EXPERIMENTS AND MODELLING OF CAVITATING FLOWS IN VENTURI: ATTACHED SHEET CAVITATION (2010, unknown): “[9] among others.”
- Bubbly shock propagation as a mechanism for sheet-to-cloud transition of partial cavities (2016, background): “Callenaere et al. (2001), in a seminal study, explored cavitation dynamics in a two-dimensional geometry.”
- Friction Drag Reduction of External Flows with Bubble and Gas Injection (2010, background): “The potential flow solution of a two-dimensional cavity forming downstream of a backwardfacing step for Fr 1 is discussed by Callenaere et al. (2001).”