A monthly and latitudinally varying volcanic forcing dataset in simulations of 20th century climate

By C. Ammann, Gerald A. Meehl, Warren M. Washington, Charles S. Zender. 2003

368 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A new monthly volcanic forcing dataset is included in a coupled GCM for a more physically consistent treatment of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol history from explosive volcanism. The volcanic forcing is different from previous versions in that there is an individual evolution of the aerosol for each event. Thus the seasonal and latitudinal dependence of the volcanic aerosol can affect global climate in a more realistic way prior to the satellite period, compared to earlier volcanic forcing datasets. Negative radiative forcing from volcanic activity is greatest in the early 20th century prior to 1915 and in the late 20th century after 1960. The combination of volcanic and solar forcing contributes to an early‐20th century warming, followed by relative cooling in late 20th century. Consequently, the addition of natural forcing factors to the anthropogenic GHG forcing in late 20th century is required to simulate the observed late 20th century warming.

Subfields: Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77e25efe15ce9db6c5aae3a731dcb7b3d7353a0b

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Citations in the corpus

A Coupled Air–Sea Response Mechanism to Solar Forcing in the Pacific Region (2008, methodology): “The first, the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), is described by Washington et al. (2000) and used in the studies of Ammann et al. (2003) , Meehl et al. (2003, 2004), and Santer et al. (2003a,b), among others.”
The Norwegian Earth System Model, NorESM1-M – Part 1: Description and basic evaluation of the physical climate (2013, background): “, 2005), stratospheric sulphate aerosol concentrations from explosive volcanoes (Ammann et al., 2003), as well as anthropogenic GHG concentrations, aerosol emissions (Lamarque et al.”
The effect of volcanic eruptions on global precipitation (2013, background): “Volcanic aerosols take a few months to spread out globally and reach their peak forcing [Ammann et al., 2003].”
Observations of the eruption of the Sarychev volcano and simulations using the HadGEM2 climate model. (2010, background): “b Sato et al. [1993]. c Ammann et al. [2003] .”
Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth's climate system (2007, background): “Consideration of secular changes in forcing over the twentieth century is aided by the fact that forcing by volcanic aerosols, as estimated by Ammann et al. [2003] , was quite small ( < ~ 0.02 W m-2) at both ends of”
Contributions of external forcings to Southern Annular Mode trends (2006, background): “8°) and 18 levels in the vertical, and it incorporates the Land Surface Model (LSM; Bonan 1998). The ocean component is the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) ocean model (Smith et al. 1995) configured with 2/3° resolution down to 1/2° resolution in the equatorial Tropics and a displaced pole over Hudson ”
Global temperature evolution 1979–2010 (2011, methodology): “…characterizing el Niño by the southern oscillation index (SOI) rather than MEI, characterizing volcanic aerosols by the volcanic forcing estimate of Ammann et al (2003) rather than the AOD data from Sato et al, and using monthly sunspot numbers as a proxy for solar activity rather than TSI.”