Sex-specific behavioural responses of elk to spatial and temporal variation in the threat of wolf predation

210 citations recorded by the source corpus.

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

No risk, no gain: effects of crop-raiding and genetic diversity on body size in male elephants (2011, background): “1992), elk (Winnie and Creel 2007), Dall’s sheep (Corti and Schackleton 2002), bighorn sheep (Berger 1991; Mooring et al.”
What best explains vigilance in elk: characteristics of prey, predators, or the environment? (2008, methodology): “The spatial structure of wolf territories and the daily movements of wolves within territories cause predation risk for elk to vary spatially on a scale of meters to kilometers and temporally on a scale of hours to days (Creel et al. 2005; Winnie and Creel 2007).”
A Review of Environmental Factors Affecting Elk Winter Diets (2007, background): “In elk, predation risk from wolves is associated with a reduction in the proportion of time spent foraging and an increase in the use of the timbered areas (Creel et al. 2005, Winnie and Creel 2007).”
Effects of predation risk on group size, vigilance, and foraging behavior in an African ungulate community (2014, background): “For example, the presence of wolves caused elk to alter patterns of aggregation (Creel and Winnie 2005), vigilance (Winnie and Creel 2007; Creel et al.”
Relationships between direct predation and risk effects. (2008, methodology): “In Figure I, this model is applied with parameter values that mimic elk and wolf dynamics in the Gallatin Canyon population of the Yellowstone ecosystem [6, 11 ].”