What best explains vigilance in elk: characteristics of prey, predators, or the environment?

By Stewart G. Liley, S. Creel. 2008

149 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Ecological Modeling, Ecology, Nature and Landscape Conservation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/037373622d9b24387dc51898bbe763a8010c0d25

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In Ecological Modeling

In Ecology

In Nature and Landscape Conservation

Citations in the corpus

Do wild ungulates experience higher stress with humans than with large carnivores? (2018, background): “2014), and the vigilance itself may be modified by environmental factors (Liley and Creel, 2008), it still leaves room for variability in animal stress responses.”
Effects of predation risk on group size, vigilance, and foraging behavior in an African ungulate community (2014, background): “2007; Liley and Creel 2008; Schmitz 2008; Heithaus 774 D ow nloaded from https://academ ic.oup.com /beheco/article-abstract/25/4/773/2900523 by guest on 02 April 2019 Creel et al.”
Does the risk of encountering lions influence African herbivore behaviour at waterholes? (2009, background): “Additionally, increased vigilance allows earlier detection of an approaching predator and is a common and important response to predation risk (Underwood 1982; Hunter and Skinner 1998; Liley and Creel 2008).”
Diel predator activity drives a dynamic landscape of fear (2017, unknown): “…is sensitive to short-term ( ≤ 24 h) temporal variation in wolf predation risk as many studies report (Winnie and Creel 2007, Creel et al. 2008, Liley and Creel 2008, Gower et al. 2009, Middleton et al. 2013a), then elk may increase vigilance in risky places during periods of the diel cycle…”
Reactive responses of zebras to lion encounters shape their predator–prey space game at large scale (2016, background): “Several studies of ungulates have investigated how the distance between the prey and the predator affect prey behaviour (e.g. vigilance: Liley and Creel 2008, Middleton et al. 2013, Creel et al. 2014), but very few have focused on its spatial behaviour and/or the temporal persistence of the…”
Risk management in optimal foragers: the effect of sightlines and predator type on patch use, time allocation, and vigilance in gerbils (2011, background): “Elk demonstrate similar complexity of fi ne tuning vigilance against wolves (Liley and Creel 2008).”
Spatiotemporal patterns of lion space use in a human-dominated landscape (2015, background): “We expect behavioural adjustment particularly among breeding female groups (prides; see Whitman, 2006), as they exhibit the strongest behavioural responses to predation risk in other species (e.g. Caro, 1987; Childress & Lung, 2003; Liley & Creel, 2007; Pangle & Holekamp, 2010a, 2010b).”