A Model of the Upper Extremity for Simulating Musculoskeletal Surgery and Analyzing Neuromuscular Control

By Katherine Holzbaur, W. Murray, Scott L. Delp. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2005

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Catch & Carry (2019, background): “Narrow behaviors may be appropriate for certain animation settings, or even medical applications in which musculo-tendon models can help characterize the impact of surgical interventions [Holzbaur et al. 2005; Lee et al. 2019].”
Muscle contributions to propulsion and support during running (2010, methodology): “Each arm consisted of 5 degrees-offreedom ; the shoulder was modeled as a ball-and-socket joint (3 dofs), and the elbow and forearm rotation were each modeled with revolute joints (1 dof) (Holzbaur et al., 2005).”
OpenSim: Open-Source Software to Create and Analyze Dynamic Simulations of Movement (2007, methodology): “analyze models of the lower limb [17], [76], upper limb [21],”
Are Current Measurements of Lower Extremity Muscle Architecture Accurate? (2009, background): “Relative to clinical practice, the development of new upper extremity surgical reconstructive procedures has evolved based on increased understanding of muscle function derived from studies of muscle architecture [7, 12].”
OpenSim: a musculoskeletal modeling and simulation framework for in silico investigations and exchange (2011, neutral): “Each arm consisted of 5 degrees-of-freedom; the shoulder was modeled as a ball-andsocket joint (3 dofs), and the elbow and forearm rotation were each modeled with revolute joints (1 dof) [33].”