Muscle contributions to propulsion and support during running

By Samuel R. Hamner, Ajay Seth, Scott L. Delp. Journal of Biomechanics, 2010

830 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Muscles actuate running by developing forces that propel the body forward while supporting the body's weight. To understand how muscles contribute to propulsion (i.e., forward acceleration of the mass center) and support (i.e., upward acceleration of the mass center) during running we developed a three-dimensional muscle-actuated simulation of the running gait cycle. The simulation is driven by 92 musculotendon actuators of the lower extremities and torso and includes the dynamics of arm motion. We analyzed the simulation to determine how each muscle contributed to the acceleration of the body mass center. During the early part of the stance phase, the quadriceps muscle group was the largest contributor to braking (i.e., backward acceleration of the mass center) and support. During the second half of the stance phase, the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were the greatest contributors to propulsion and support. The arms did not contribute substantially to either propulsion or support, generating less than 1% of the peak mass center acceleration. However, the arms effectively counterbalanced the vertical angular momentum of the lower extremities. Our analysis reveals that the quadriceps and plantarflexors are the major contributors to acceleration of the body mass center during running.

Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b211cb0031d63f1b5d80b36893876cbcf9b93df

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Citations in the corpus

Muscular strategy shift in human running: dependence of running speed on hip and ankle muscle performance (2012, methodology): “However, only two computer-based musculoskeletal modelling studies have characterised the function of the individual leg muscles during running (Hamner et al., 2010; Sasaki and Neptune, 2006).”
Full-Body Musculoskeletal Model for Muscle-Driven Simulation of Human Gait (2016, background): “The model’s bony geometry and dimensions reflect those of a 75-kg 170-cm tall male [15], [28].”
Is my model good enough? Best practices for verification and validation of musculoskeletal models and simulations of movement. (2015, background): “, ground reaction forces collected in a laboratory [11]) or during the simulation (e.”
Optimizing Locomotion Controllers Using Biologically-Based Actuators and Objectives (2012, methodology): “From the original model, we adjust the lower-body joint locations and mass distributions to better match human data [Hamner et al. 2010].”
EMG-Driven Forward-Dynamic Estimation of Muscle Force and Joint Moment about Multiple Degrees of Freedom in the Human Lower Extremity (2012, background): “In the case of the rectus femoris the multiDOF model produced force estimates that better matched with previously obtained findings (Figure 6) [11,34].”
OpenSim: a musculoskeletal modeling and simulation framework for in silico investigations and exchange (2011, positive): “OpenSim provides a rolling on surface constraint consisting of four constraint equations: no surface penetration; two no slip constraints of the contact point on the surface, and a no twist constraint about the surface normal at the experimentally measured point of contact [18].”