Single Lgr5 stem cells build cryptvillus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche

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Intestinal crypt homeostasis results from neutral competition between symmetrically dividing Lgr5 stem cells. (2010, neutral): “In our initial in vitro experiments, less than 5% of single sorted Lgr5 intestinal stem cells could grow out into gut-like organoid structures (Sato et al., 2009).”
YAP/TAZ-Dependent Reprogramming of Colonic Epithelium Links ECM Remodeling to Tissue Regeneration (2018, background): “Unlike primary cells from the colon, small intestinal epithelial cells can be cultured as organoids under minimal conditions in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), Noggin, and R-spondin1 (Sato et al., 2009, 2011).”
Spherical Cancer Models in Tumor Biology (2015, methodology): “For example, “ organoid ” (meaning miniorganlike) should be dedicated to 3D culture of normal cells and tissue [23 – 25], but this term has also been used for the 3D structure spontaneously formed by colon carcinoma cell line LIM1863 [26], for 3D cultures of tumor cells embedded in basement…”
A gut-brain neural circuit for nutrient sensory transduction (2018, methodology): “Organoids were cultured using a protocol adapted from Sato et al. 2009 (29).”
Tumour-initiating cells: challenges and opportunities for anticancer drug discovery (2009, background): “Serum-free culture conditions that have been established for normal stem cell”