A comparison of the endotoxin biosynthesis and protein oxidation pathways in the biogenesis of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis
By S. Piek, Charlene M. Kahler. 2012
280 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope consists of an inner membrane (IM) that surrounds the cytoplasm and an asymmetrical outer-membrane (OM) that forms a protective barrier to the external environment. The OM consists of lipopolysaccahride (LPS), phospholipids, outer membrane proteins (OMPs), and lipoproteins. Oxidative protein folding mediated by periplasmic oxidoreductases is required for the biogenesis of the protein components, mainly constituents of virulence determinants such as pili, flagella, and toxins, of the Gram-negative OM. Recently, periplasmic oxidoreductases have been implicated in LPS biogenesis of Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis. Differences in OM biogenesis, in particular the transport pathways for endotoxin to the OM, the composition and role of the protein oxidation, and isomerization pathways and the regulatory networks that control them have been found in these two Gram-negative species suggesting that although form and function of the OM is conserved, the pathways required for the biosynthesis of the OM and the regulatory circuits that control them have evolved to suit the lifestyle of each organism.
Subfields: Genetics, Microbiology
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Citations in the corpus
- Disarming Staphylococcus aureus from destroying human cells by simultaneously neutralizing six cytotoxins with two human monoclonal antibodies (2017, background): “In addition, LukED lyses lymphocytes and displays hemolytic activity similar to the gamma-hemolysins.(8,9,11) Hla and LukGH have also been shown to contribute to biofilm production based on gene deletion strains and studies with neutralizing antibodies.”
- Staphylococcus aureus targets the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) to lyse erythrocytes (2015, background): “aureus addresses this by producing a large number of immune-modulatory factors, including potent pore-forming toxins, that tamper with innate immunity (Spaan et al., 2013b; Vandenesch et al., 2012).”
- Staphylococcus aureus Elaborates Leukocidin AB To Mediate Escape from within Human Neutrophils (2013, background): “aureus has evolved an extensive armamentarium devoted to counteracting PMNs (46, 47), including the bicomponent leukotoxins LukAB, LukED, PVL, and HlgACB (10, 11).”
- The Bicomponent Pore-Forming Leucocidins of Staphylococcus aureus (2014, background): “Studies of the role of PVL in virulence using animal models and isogenic pvl deletion mutants have likewise proven difficult to interpret (6, 19, 198).”