Standardized Method for In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicansBiofilms

By G. Ramage, Kacy Vande Walle, B. Wickes, J. López-Ribot. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2001

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Candida Biofilms: an Update (2005, methodology): “A recently developed microtiter-plate-based biofilm model that is compatible with the 96-well platform technology has proven valuable for the determination and standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing in Candida biofilms (76).”
Inhibition of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation by Farnesol, a Quorum-Sensing Molecule (2002, methodology): “lium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay, as previously described (25).”
Candida Infections of Medical Devices (2004, background): “Organisms in biofilms behave differently from freely suspended microbes and have been shown to be relatively refractory to medical therapy (28, 29, 90).”
Critical review on biofilm methods (2017, background): “Koban and coworkers reported the use of XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt), a tetrazolium salt, that is cleaved by dehydrogenase enzymes of metabolic active cells in biofilms into strongly colored formazan (Koban et al., 2012; Ramage, 2016; Ramag”
A simple and reproducible 96-well plate-based method for the formation of fungal biofilms and its application to antifungal susceptibility testing (2008, background): “We (and others) have previously shown that the XTT-reduction assay shows excellent correlation between cellular density and metabolic activity, thus providing a semiquantitative measurement of biofilm formatio”