Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women.

By M. Schulze, Simin Liu, E. Rimm, JoAnn E. Manson, W. Willett, F. B. Hu. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004

814 citations recorded by the source corpus.

BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests an important role of carbohydrate quality in the development of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to prospectively examine the association between glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a large cohort of young women. DESIGN In 1991, 91249 women completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire that assessed dietary intake. The women were followed for 8 y for the development of incident type 2 diabetes, and dietary information was updated in 1995. RESULTS We identified 741 incident cases of confirmed type 2 diabetes during 8 y (716 300 person-years) of follow-up. After adjustment for age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, and other potential confounders, glycemic index was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes (multivariate relative risks for quintiles 1-5, respectively: 1, 1.15, 1.07, 1.27, and 1.59; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.10; P for trend = 0.001). Conversely, cereal fiber intake was associated with a decreased risk of diabetes (multivariate relative risks for quintiles 1-5, respectively: 1, 0.85, 0.87, 0.82, and 0.64; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.86; P for trend = 0.004). Glycemic load was not significantly associated with risk in the overall cohort (multivariate relative risks for quintiles 1-5, respectively: 1, 1.31, 1.20, 1.14, and 1.33; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.91; P for trend = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS A diet high in rapidly absorbed carbohydrates and low in cereal fiber is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Subfields: Nutrition and Dietetics, Physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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Citations in the corpus

Effects of Wheat Fiber, Oat Fiber, and Inulin on Sensory and Physico-chemical Properties of Chinese-style Sausages (2011, background): “Water-soluble dietary fiber is beneficial in treating diabetes and reducing serum cholesterol and blood fat (Anderson et al., 1987; Ganji and Kies, 1996; Schulze et al., 2004).”
Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes: Epidemiologic evidence (2010, background): “In addition, because of their high amounts of rapidly absorbable carbohydrates such as sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), coupled with the large quantities often consumed, SSB's may increase risk of T2DM independent of obesity as a potential contributor to a high dietary glycemic load (GL) ”
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk--a meta-analysis of observational studies. (2008, background): “The assignment of GI values to Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/87/3/627/4633329 by guest on 24 April 2018 TABLE 3 Rate ratios (and 95% CIs) for the comparison of the highest with the lowest quantile for developing chronic disease because of increasing glycemic index or”
Effects of Dietary Fiber and Its Components on Metabolic Health (2010, background): “[43] agreed with these findings with men and women showing a decreased risk of diabetes (P < 0.”
Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. (2006, background): “quantities consumed; this high GL is associated with poor glycemic control, particularly among persons with diabetes (84, 85).”
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes (2010, background): “High glycemic load diets are known to induce glucose intolerance and insulin resistance particularly among overweight individuals (9) and can increase levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, which are linked to type 2 diabetes risk (29).”