Pulmonary and systemic distribution of inhaled ultrafine silver particles in rats.
By S. Takenaka, E. Karg, C. Roth, Holger Schulz, A. Ziesenis, U. Heinzmann, P. Schramel, J. Heyder. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2001
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The cardiovascular system is currently considered a target for particulate matter, especially for ultrafine particles. In addition to autonomic or cytokine mediated effects, the direct interaction of inhaled materials with the target tissue must be examined to understand the underlying mechanisms. In the first approach, pulmonary and systemic distribution of inhaled ultrafine elemental silver (EAg) particles was investigated on the basis of morphology and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Rats were exposed for 6 hr at a concentration of 133 microg EAg m(3) (3 x 10(6) cm(3), 15 nm modal diameter) and were sacrificed on days 0, 1, 4, and 7. ICP-MS analysis showed that 1.7 microg Ag was found in the lungs immediately after the end of exposure. Amounts of Ag in the lungs decreased rapidly with time, and by day 7 only 4% of the initial burden remained. In the blood, significant amounts of Ag were detected on day 0 and thereafter decreased rapidly. In the liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and heart, low concentrations of Ag were observed. Nasal cavities, especially the posterior portion, and lung-associated lymph nodes showed relatively high concentrations of Ag. For comparison, rats received by intratracheal instillation either 150 microL aqueous solution of 7 microg silver nitrate (AgNO(3) (4.4 microg Ag) or 150 microL aqueous suspension of 50 microg agglomerated ultrafine EAg particles. A portion of the agglomerates remained undissolved in the alveolar macrophages and in the septum for at least 7 days. In contrast, rapid clearance of instilled water-soluble AgNO(3) from the lung was observed. These findings show that although instilled agglomerates of ultrafine EAg particles were retained in the lung, Ag was rapidly cleared from the lung after inhalation of ultrafine EAg particles, as well as after instillation of AgNO(3), and entered systemic pathways.
Subfields: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Speech and Hearing
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Citations in the corpus
- Metal and Silicate Particles Including Nanoparticles Are Present in Electronic Cigarette Cartomizer Fluid and Aerosol (2013, background): “Metal particles/nanoparticles can produce adverse effects in vitro and in vivo [28,29], and nanoparticles can be transported in vivo to other organs, including the liver, kidney, heart, and brain [30,31].”
- Nanotoxicology and in vitro studies: the need of the hour. (2012, background): “Takenaka et al. (2001) have demonstrated that in both inhalation and instillation experiments, ultrafine silver particles were taken up by alveolar macrophages and aggregated silver particles persisted there for up to 7 days.”
- A review of the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of silver and gold particulates: Particle attributes and biological mechanisms responsible for the observed toxicity (2010, methodology): “…for gold NPs to other metal particles types, including silver, therefore needs to be addressed within future studies, although previously discussed studies have recognised that the liver is a target organ for silver (NPs and/or ions) (Takenaka et al., 2001; Sung et al., 2009; Ji et al., 2007).”
- Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity (2007, methodology): “For relatively insoluble particles, the elimination process is very slow in comparison to soluble nanoparticles [145].”
- Deposition and biokinetics of inhaled nanoparticles (2010, background): “Either, nanoparticles were found in the blood circulation [31,90] and in secondary target organs [11-13,91-94], or thrombogenic effects were observed [95-97].”
- EXTRAPULMONARY TRANSLOCATION OF ULTRAFINE CARBON PARTICLES FOLLOWING WHOLE-BODY INHALATION EXPOSURE OF RATS (2002, background): “In newer studies, translocation of ultrafine metal particles (platinum, silver) to the liver were reported after inhalation by rats (Oberdörster et al., 2000; Finch et al., 1999; Takenaka et al., 2001).”
- Distribution, elimination, and toxicity of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in rats after 28-day oral exposure. (2012, background): “Previously, the liver and kidneys have been described as the primary organs for silver distribution, whether theexposurewasorally,(4,8,12,14) intravenously,(19,20) subcutaneously,(21) or through inhalation.(22) Considering the biological clearance function of both the liver and kidneys, high silver ”