NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older.

By C. Alexander, P. Landsman, S. Teutsch, S. Haffner. Diabetes, 2003

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The Effect of Metformin and Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on the Metabolic Syndrome: The Diabetes Prevention Program Randomized Trial (2005, background): “Although recent studies have provided estimates of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States (3, 4), its interrelationship with impaired glucose tolerance is unclear.”
Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies (2011, background): “Several epidemiological studies have confirmed the increased risk of CVD in individuals with MetS, independently of the diagnostic criteria used [32-39].”
The metabolic syndrome and 11-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. (2005, background): “(26), who reported that although elevated blood pressure, low HDL cholesterol, and diabetes were significantly associated with prevalent CHD, they found no indication of excess risk for the ATP III–defined metabolic syndrome once the individual components had been accounted for in multiplicative ris”
The metabolic syndrome. (2008, background): “doubling of CVD risk when the MetS is present (377, 390).”