Glucose Levels and Risk of Dementia
By Paul K. Crane, Rod L. Walker, R. Hubbard, Ge Li, D. Nathan, Hui Zheng, Sebastien Haneuse, S. Craft, Thomas J. Montine, S. Kahn and 4 more. New England Journal of Medicine, 2013
809 citations recorded by the source corpus.
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a risk factor for dementia. It is unknown whether higher glucose levels increase the risk of dementia in people without diabetes. METHODS We used 35,264 clinical measurements of glucose levels and 10,208 measurements of glycated hemoglobin levels from 2067 participants without dementia to examine the relationship between glucose levels and the risk of dementia. Participants were from the Adult Changes in Thought study and included 839 men and 1228 women whose mean age at baseline was 76 years; 232 participants had diabetes, and 1835 did not. We fit Cox regression models, stratified according to diabetes status and adjusted for age, sex, study cohort, educational level, level of exercise, blood pressure, and status with respect to coronary and cerebrovascular diseases, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and treatment for hypertension. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.8 years, dementia developed in 524 participants (74 with diabetes and 450 without). Among participants without diabetes, higher average glucose levels within the preceding 5 years were related to an increased risk of dementia (P = 0.01); with a glucose level of 115 mg per deciliter (6.4 mmol per liter) as compared with 100 mg per deciliter (5.5 mmol per liter), the adjusted hazard ratio for dementia was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.33). Among participants with diabetes, higher average glucose levels were also related to an increased risk of dementia (P = 0.002); with a glucose level of 190 mg per deciliter (10.5 mmol per liter) as compared with 160 mg per deciliter (8.9 mmol per liter), the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.76). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher glucose levels may be a risk factor for dementia, even among persons without diabetes. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.)
Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Physiology, Psychiatry and Mental health
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Citations in the corpus
- Inflammation, Defective Insulin Signaling, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction as Common Molecular Denominators Connecting Type 2 Diabetes to Alzheimer Disease (2014, background): “Since the original Rotterdam study (3), epidemiological/clinical observations have accumulated showing that diabetic patients are significantly more likely to develop cognitive deterioration and exhibit increased susceptibility to dementia, particularly AD (4).”
- Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (2022, neutral): “35 However, various other risk factors have also been proposed for dementia and we tested the association between dementia prevalence and risk factor prevalence for other risks that were included in the 2020 Lancet Commission report 13 and are quantified within the GBD framework (low physical…”
- Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development (2023, background): “Diabetes is another disease that increases the risk of neurodegeneration, and higher blood glucose levels are considered a major contributing factor.(111) Bahniwal et al.”
- 2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2016, neutral): “Some studies propose that impaired glucose processing (a precursor to diabetes) may also result in an increased risk for dementia [51,58,59].”