Early Childhood Development: Economic Development with a High Public Return

By Arthur J. Rolnick, Rob Grunewald. 2003

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Interpreting the Evidence on Life Cycle Skill Formation (2005, background): “By projecting from the age 27 results, Rolnick and Grunewald (2003) estimate that the annual rate of return for Perry is 4% for participants and 12% for society at large.”
The Productivity Argument for Investing in Young Children. NBER Working Paper No. 13016. (2007, background): “Rolnick and Grunewald (2003) estimate that the annual rate of return”
Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged Children (2006, background): “The economic benefits of the Perry Program are substantial (Table 1). Rates of return are 15 to 17% ( 14 ).”
Measuring School Readiness: Conceptual and Practical Considerations (2006, background): “…2002), and subsequent econometric analyses of the cost effectiveness or cost–benefits ratios associated with many of these same programs (Barnett, 1993; Belfield & McEwan, 2004; Karoly, Kilburn, Bigelow, Caulkins, & Cannon, 2001; Lynch, 2004; Masse & Barnett, 2002; Rolnick & Grunewald, 2003).”