Functional Hemichannels in Astrocytes: A Novel Mechanism of Glutamate Release

By Z. Ye, Megan Wyeth, Selva Baltan-Tekkok, B. Ransom. Journal of Neuroscience, 2003

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Astrocyte control of synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling. (2006, background): “Although release through hemi-channels (234) and P2X7 receptors (46) has been proposed, effective release requires the presence of low divalent saline to promote opening of these channels (67, 101).”
The Impact of Astrocytic Gap Junctional Coupling on Potassium Buffering in the Hippocampus (2006, background): “…understanding of the proposed roles of Cx30/Cx43 in other glia-related transcellular signaling pathways, such as propagation of astroglial Ca 2ϩ waves (Cotrina et al., 1998 ), release of gliotransmitters (Ye et al., 2003), or astrocytic interactions with the vasculature (Simard et al., 2003).”
Do astrocytes really exocytose neurotransmitters? (2010, background): “and have been shown to allow ATP and glutamate release from astrocytes in culture (and from white matter in vivo ) when activated in ischaemic condition”
Physiology of Astroglia. (2018, neutral): “K -ATPase (also known as Nervana 2).”