A review of the biophysical properties of salmonid faeces: implications for aquaculture waste dispersal models and integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture

By G. Reid, M. Liutkus, S. Robinson, T. Chopin, T. Blair, T. Lander, J. Mullen, F. Page, R. Moccia. 2009

173 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative properties of salmonid faeces is necessary for aquaculture waste dispersal models, and the design of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems. The amount and proximate composition of salmonid faeces can be estimated using a mass-balance, nutritional approach. Indigestible components of salmonid diets have the potential to aiect faecal‘cohesiveness’or ‘stability’. Nutrient content and density of faeces can vary depending on diet and submersion time. Faecal density has a greater in£uence on settling velocity than faecal size. Published settling velocity data on salmonid faeces are highly variable due to diierences in ¢sh size, rearing systems, collection time, water density, methodology, the mass fraction tested and diet. Most faecal settling data used in published salmonid waste dispersal models are rudimentary and recent information suggests that such models are highly sensitive to this input. The design of open-water IMTA systems and estimation of nutrient capture and recovery from co-cultured ¢lter feeders is di⁄cult due to limited information on particle size, digestibility, settleable and non-settleable mass fractions of salmonid faeces at cage environments. Implications of faecal properties on the accountability for the eiects of aquaculture nutrient loading are discussed.

Subfields: Aquatic Science, Global and Planetary Change, Nature and Landscape Conservation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/653fe0a44d03653f6bfc7453961327fafe67e04e

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Aquatic Science

1. Y. Olsen
2. T. Chopin
3. A. Buschmann
4. Xinxin Wang
5. K. Reitan
6. G. Reid
7. D. Bureau
8. A. Neori

In Global and Planetary Change

1. Y. Olsen
2. K. Reitan
3. Xinxin Wang
4. A. Buschmann
5. T. Chopin
6. G. Reid
7. A. Neori
8. S. Robinson

In Nature and Landscape Conservation

1. D. Bureau
2. J. Pirhonen
3. L. Olsen
4. Xinxin Wang
5. Y. Olsen
6. K. Reitan
7. A. Dumas

Citations in the corpus

• Towards effective nutritional management of waste outputs in aquaculture, with particular reference to salmonid aquaculture operations (2010, background): “At present, our understanding of the factors that a¡ect the biophysical properties of ¢sh faeces is still limited and more research is needed (Reid et al. 2008).”
• Discharge of nutrient wastes from salmon farms: environmental effects, and potential for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (2012, methodology): “…to quantify the different nutrient components released by fish farms in order to fully understand the potential of IMTA and the possible effects on the coastal ecosystems, and to optimize the design and nutrient recovery efficiency of IMTA systems (Reid et al. 2009, Dalsgaard & Pedersen 2011).”
• Weight ratios of the kelps, Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima, required to sequester dissolved inorganic nutrients and supply oxygen for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture systems (2013, methodology): “…= 0.838, max = 0.890 This study Other distributions Economic FCR Normal, estimated μ = 1.2, σ = 0.07 Reid (2007) Waste feed Normal, estimated μ = 0.03, σ = 0.006 Reid et al. (2009) Carbon in proteins Normal, estimated μ = 0.53, σ = 0.015 Porter (1933); Hart et al. (2007) a Logistic, extreme…”
• Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems : Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces : A Review (2017, background): “For example, in salmonids, the presence of indigestible dietary components has been demonstrated to affect the physical characteristics of the faeces, such as cohesiveness and stability [77].”
• Ecological engineering in aquaculture — Potential for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) in marine offshore systems (2009, background): “quality of dissolved and particulate matter) may differ in offshore environments from levels observed currently in nearshore fish-cage farming (Lin and Bailey-Brock, 2008; Reid et al., 2009).”
• Open water integrated multi-trophic aquaculture: constraints on the effectiveness of mussels as an organic extractive component (2013, background): “Average settling velocities of 1.0 and 3.2 cm s−1 for mussel and salmon feces, respectively (Reid et al. 2009, Weise et al. 2009), indicate that the mussel biodeposits would generally spread over a larger area of seabed than do salmon feces.”