Discharge of nutrient wastes from salmon farms: environmental effects, and potential for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
By Xinxin Wang, L. Olsen, K. Reitan, Y. Olsen. 2012
261 citations recorded by the source corpus.
We quantified release rates of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) waste from Norwegian salmon farms in 2009 in order to evaluate the theoretical environmental influence on surrounding waters and the potential for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) driven by salmon aquaculture. Of the total feed input, 70% C, 62% N and 70% P were released into the environment, equivalent to an annual discharge of about 404 000, 50 600 and 9400 t of C, N and P, respectively, based on total salmon production of 1.02 × 106 t. We predicted that 48% of feed C was respired as CO2, 45% of feed N was excreted as dissolved inorganic N (DIN), and 18% of feed P was excreted as dissolved inorganic P (DIP). Approximately 44% of feed P was released as particles, dominating solid wastes. The mean food conversion ratio (feed supplied per fish produced) of Norwegian salmon farms was 1.16 ± 0.08 SE in 2009. Estimates of the potential for IMTA driven by salmon farming showed a far higher potential for seaweed production based on the released DIN than for mussel production based on released appropriately sized particulate organic carbon (POC). The daily volumetric loading rates of DIN from salmon farms (range for counties: 40 to 501 μg N m−3 d−1) were <15% of the natural loading rate of nitrate from deep water, suggesting that the nutrient loading rate is within safe limits.
Subfields: Aquatic Science, Global and Planetary Change
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2724c43596352f0f25f6c13aefcb27c0013d4742
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Citations in the corpus
- Modelling the cultivation and bioremediation potential of the kelp Saccharina latissima in close proximity to an exposed salmon farm in Norway (2013, methodology): “…the forms of NO3− and NH4+) is considered the limiting nutrient for macro- and microalgae in the eastern North Atlantic, the potential for salmon-driven IMTA in northern Europe appears to be high (Wang et al. 2012), but the actual full-scale possibilities and benefits remain yet to be quantified.”
- Microbial metagenomics in aquaculture: a potential tool for a deeper insight into the activity (2017, background): “Aquaculture generates millions of tons of waste each year, of which considerable parts are nitrogenous, sulphurous, phosphorous and carbonous compounds (MartinezPorchas & Martinez-Cordova 2012; Wang et al. 2012); these wastes are sometimes toxic and rebase the nutrient loading capacity of the ecosys”
- Cost-effective IMTA: a comparison of the production efficiencies of mussels and seaweed (2014, background): “…Irish Seaweed Research Group, The Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland Corresponding author: Susan L. Holdt, email: suho@env.dtu.dk; telephone number: +4526272707 This paper compares the biofilter capacity and cost-effectiveness of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and seaweed for use in…”