A Century of Cholesterol and Coronaries: From Plaques to Genes to Statins

By J. Goldstein, Michael S. Brown. Cell, 2015

1,107 citations recorded by the source corpus.

One-fourth of all deaths in industrialized countries result from coronary heart disease. A century of research has revealed the essential causative agent – cholesterol-carrying low density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL is controlled by specific receptors (LDLRs) in liver that remove it from blood. Mutations that eliminate LDLRs raise LDL and cause heart attacks in childhood, whereas mutations that raise LDLRs reduce LDL and diminish heart attacks. If we are to eliminate coronary disease, lowering LDL should be the primary goal. Effective means to achieve this goal are currently available. The key questions are: Who to Treat, When to Treat, and How Long to Treat.

Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Surgery

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64803c74b2bc780dfddecc98e82a96352008b096

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Citations in the corpus

Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel (2017, background): “The second paper discusses the evidence for LDL causality based on the current understanding of the pathophysiology of ASCVD.”
Lipid metabolism reprogramming and its potential targets in cancer (2018, background): “SCAP/SREBPs SREBPs are a family of basic-helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors that regulate de novo synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol as well as cholesterol uptake [11, 12, 82].”
Evaluating the relationship between circulating lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins with risk of coronary heart disease: A multivariable Mendelian randomisation analysis (2020, neutral): “For example, a naïve interpretation of our findings would be that apolipoprotein B confounds the relationship of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides with risk of CHD, but this would be to neglect evidence gleaned over a century of scientific investigations into atherosclerosis [71].”
Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018, positive): “Hypercholesterolemia is one of the key risk factors in promoting atherosclerosis, which is the underlying cause of approximately 90% of cases of myocardial infarction, 60% of strokes, most cases of chronic heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and vascular dementia (31).”