Seeing black: race, crime, and visual processing.

By Jennifer L. Eberhardt, P. A. Goff, V. Purdie, Paul G. Davies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2004

1,063 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/63facd51122cf7b9805949148f4f468aa20d0a50

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Citations in the corpus

An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force (2019, positive): “Eberhardt et al. (2004) find that police officers detect degraded images of crime-related objects faster when they are shown black faces first.”
The Race of a Criminal Record: How Incarceration Colors Racial Perceptions (2010, neutral): “Thus, the authors 5 argue that “just as Black faces and Black bodies can trigger thoughts of crime, thinking of crime can trigger thoughts of Black people” (Eberhardt et al. 2004: 876).”
Across the thin blue line: police officers and racial bias in the decision to shoot. (2007, background): “Consistent with Eberhardt et al. (2004) , we found that officers orient more quickly to Black people when processing danger-related stimuli.”
Differentially dangerous? Phenotypic racial stereotypicality increases implicit bias among ingroup and outgroup members (2011, background): “Within the criminal justice domain, perceived Black stereotypicality influences perceptions of criminality by the police (Eberhardt et al., 2004) and actual criminal sentencing (Blair et al., 2004a), including the likelihood of receiving the death penalty (Eberhardt et al., 2006).”
Brief exposures: Male sexual orientation is accurately perceived at 50 ms (2008, background): “Subliminal presentations of the faces of perceptually obvious groups have long shown evidence of accurate and efficient categorization (e.g., Eberhardt, Goff, Purdie, & Davies, 2004 ).”
Priming Crime and Activating Blackness: Understanding the Psychological Impact of the Overrepresentation of Blacks as Lawbreakers on Television News (2007, background): “Recent work has uncovered that the association between some traits and racial groups may be so strong that exposure to either one may activate notions of the other ( Eberhardt, Goff, Purdie, & Davies, 2004 ).”
The impact of light skin on prison time for black female offenders (2011, methodology): “For example, in an experiment using photographs of white and black men, police officers were more likely to falsely identify a subject as an offender when they appeared more stereotypically black (dark skin, broad nose, wide lips, coarse hair) (Eberhardt et al., 2004).”
The existence of implicit bias is beyond reasonable doubt: A refutation of ideological and methodological objections and executive summary of ten studies that no manager should ignore (2009, neutral): “Split-second (simulated) shooting decisions of black vs. white suspects Eberhardt et al. (2004) found that police ofﬁcers possessed implicit associations linking black faces to criminality.”
The Problem of Infra-marginality in Outcome Tests for Discrimination (2016, neutral): “search decisions we study. It bears emphasis that lower search thresholds do not imply racial animus, and it is likely that the eects we observe are at least partially attributable to implicit bias [Eberhardt et al., 2004]. For example, ocers might mistakenly believe that blacks who behave 29 nervou”
Intersectional Invisibility: The Distinctive Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiple Subordinate-Group Identities (2008, background): “…targets of prejudice and discrimination than less prototypical members is supported by research demonstrating that anti-black prejudice and racial stereotypes are more likely to be applied to targets with more stereotypically black features (Blair et al. 2002; Eberhardt et al. 2004; Maddox 2004).”