T follicular helper cell biology: A decade of discovery and diseases

By Shane Crotty. Immunity, 2019

1,325 citations recorded by the source corpus.

SUMMARY Helping B cells and antibody responses is a major function of CD4+ T cells. It has been 10 years since the publication of Bcl6 as the lineage defining transcription factor for T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation and the requirement of Tfh cells as the specialized subset of CD4+ T cells needed for germinal centers (the microanatomical sites of B cell mutation and antibody affinity maturation) and related B cell responses. A great deal has been learned about Tfh cells in the past 10 years, particularly regarding their roles in a surprising range of diseases. Advances in the understanding of Tfh cells differentiation and function are discussed, as are the understanding of Tfh cells in infectious diseases, vaccines, autoimmune diseases, allergies, atherosclerosis, organ transplants, and cancer. This includes discussion of Tfh cells in the human immune system. Based on the discoveries to date, the next decade of Tfh research surely holds many more surprises.

Subfields: Genetics, Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c09bcf92db1f8496f99ac0b23252e0b319a2308

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In Immunology

1. E. Wherry
2. Rafi Ahmed
3. A. Schietinger
4. P. Greenberg
5. J. Snyder-Cappione
6. Anna C. Belkina

Citations in the corpus

• Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications (2020, background): “Given the potential role of antibodies in the response to SARS-CoV2 (27, 29), we also analyzed circulating Tfh (CD45RAPD1CXCR5 [cTfh] (36)) and activated circulating Tfh (CD38ICOS [activated cTfh]), the latter of which may be more reflective of recent antigen encounter and emigra-”
• Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021, neutral): “Tfh cells are the specialized providers of B cell help and are critical for the development of most neutralizing antibody responses, as well as memory B cells and long-term humoral immunity (Crotty, 2019).”
• Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity (2020, neutral): “…Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity, Cell (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.038 Article TFH cells are the CD4 + T cells required for most IgG responses and high-quality neutralizing antibodies (Crotty, 2019).”
• Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals (2020, neutral): “A failure to develop protective immunity could occur due to a T cell and/or antibody response of insufficient magnitude or durability, with the neutralizing antibody response being dependent on the CD4 T cell response (Crotty, 2019; Zhao et al., 2016).”