Physicochemical foundations and structural design of hydrogels in medicine and biology.

By Nicholas A. Peppas, Yanbin Huang, M. Torres-Lugo, Jennifer H. Ward, Jing Zhang. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 2000

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Design properties of hydrogel tissue-engineering scaffolds (2011, background): “They can be defined by the following equations [23,24]:”
Stimuli-responsive polymers: biomedical applications and challenges for clinical translation. (2013, background): “Over the past 25 years many researchers have incorporated poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) (or poly[methacrylic acid]) in their formulations to enhance drug delivery to the eye, nose, stomach or vagina [1,19,26,35,46–48,55–58,60,68].”
Nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications (2013, background): “The applications of these hybrid hydrogels from dendrimers and hyperbranched nanoparticles are envisioned in pharmaceutical and biomedical area that requires porous structure with controlled drug release properties (Oral and Peppas, 2004; Peppas et al., 2000; Seidlits and Peppas, 2007).”
Dynamics of swelling and drying in a spherical gel (2015, neutral): “In biomedical engineering, they are used for drug delivery, wound dressing, and as a scaffold for tissue engineering [12–15].”