Control of Pathogens and Pathobionts by the Gut Microbiota

By N. Kamada, Grace Y. Chen, N. Inohara, G. Núñez. Nature Immunology, 2013

1,487 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A dense resident microbial community in the gut, referred as the commensal microbiota, coevolved with the host and is essential for many host physiological processes that include enhancement of the intestinal epithelial barrier, development of the immune system and acquisition of nutrients. A major function of the microbiota is protection against colonization by pathogens and overgrowth of indigenous pathobionts that can result from the disruption of the healthy microbial community. The mechanisms that regulate the ability of the microbiota to restrain pathogen growth are complex and include competitive metabolic interactions, localization to intestinal niches and induction of host immune responses. Pathogens, in turn, have evolved strategies to escape from commensal-mediated resistance to colonization. Thus, the interplay between commensals and pathogens or indigenous pathobionts is critical for controlling infection and disease. Understanding pathogen-commensal interactions may lead to new therapeutic approaches to treating infectious diseases.

Subfields: Food Science, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5a124bf3c554c1ac52d1b7c71a00871f8555609d

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Citations in the corpus

Genetic determinants of the gut microbiome in UK Twins (2016, positive): “Both taxa are active members of the small intestinal microbiome (Bouhnik et al., 1999; Kamada et al., 2013; Leimena et al., 2013; Looft et al., 2014; Oh et al., 2012).”
Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and inflammation (2014, background): “Alteration of nutrient availability by thehostmicrobiota canalsohaveprofound consequences on the expression of virulence genes and growth rateof pathogenssuchasenterohemorragicE. coliorClostridium difficile (Kamada et al., 2013; Ng et al., 2013; Pacheco et al., 2012).”
Proton pump inhibitors affect the gut microbiome (2015, background): “11 To ensure that the changes observed in microbiota composition were not due to diarrhoea and/or more frequent bowel movements, we checked in our general population whether clinical symptoms of diarrhoea were more often present in PPI users.”
Mechanisms of inflammation-driven bacterial dysbiosis in the gut (2016, positive): “Symbiotic bacteria produce enzymes that digest complex carbohydrates and regulate bile acid metabolism.(5) Synthesis of certain vitamins as well as nutrients, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), requires gut symbiotic bacteria.”
Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-Mediated Gut Epithelial and Immune Regulation and Its Relevance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2019, background): “The bacterial community participates in maintaining intestinal homeostasis through the “training” of the immune system and inhibiting growth of pathogens and pathobionts (11, 12).”
Relationships of decomposability and C/N ratio in different types of organic matter with suppression of Fusarium oxysporum and microbial communities during reductive soil disinfestation (2016, background): “The dormant spores of UC-Clostridiales can germinate rapidly when nutrients (Paredes-Sabja et al., 2011) are absorbed in the RSD treatment and then produce enzymes to decompose the less-degradable organic carbon (Kamada et al., 2013).”
The microbiota of the respiratory tract: gatekeeper to respiratory health (2017, background): “A primary function of any microbial ecosystem is to elicit a state of symbiosis, providing 'colonization resistance' against pathogens 4, 70 .”