Compartmentalized Control of Skin Immunity by Resident Commensals

By S. Naik, N. Bouladoux, C. Wilhelm, M. Molloy, R. Salcedo, W. Kastenmuller, C. Deming, M. Quiñones, Lily Y. Koo, Sean Conlan and 8 more. Science, 2012

1,034 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Skin Specifics Much of the recent attention paid to the trillions of bacteria that colonize our bodies has been given to the bacteria that reside in the gut. Naik et al. (p. 1115, published online 26 July) report that colonization of the skin with commensal bacteria is important for tuning effector T cell responses in the skin and for protective immunity against cutaneous infection with the parasite Leishmania major in mice. In contrast, selective depletion of the gut microbiota, which plays an important role in modulating immune responses in the gut, had no impact on T cell responses in the skin. The skin microbiota play a selective role in modulating immunity in the skin of mice. Intestinal commensal bacteria induce protective and regulatory responses that maintain host-microbial mutualism. However, the contribution of tissue-resident commensals to immunity and inflammation at other barrier sites has not been addressed. We found that in mice, the skin microbiota have an autonomous role in controlling the local inflammatory milieu and tuning resident T lymphocyte function. Protective immunity to a cutaneous pathogen was found to be critically dependent on the skin microbiota but not the gut microbiota. Furthermore, skin commensals tuned the function of local T cells in a manner dependent on signaling downstream of the interleukin-1 receptor. These findings underscore the importance of the microbiota as a distinctive feature of tissue compartmentalization, and provide insight into mechanisms of immune system regulation by resident commensal niches in health and disease.

Subfields: Dermatology, Emergency Medical Services, Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57f3b2615cff9bbcf960c20428e627b948a4d2df

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Citations in the corpus

Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and inflammation (2014, background): “In contrast to the known role of the gut microbiota in promoting the gastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) development, skin commensals are not required for the development of associated lymphoid tissue (Naik et al., 2012).”
Cohabiting family members share microbiota with one another and with their dogs (2013, background): “, 2011) and skin microbes in particular are now receiving more focus as important players in immune regulation (Naik et al., 2012).”
Homeostatic immunity and the microbiota (2017, neutral): “…have identified significant impairment of host immune responses, and in particular Th17 and Th1 cell responses, to pathogens in mice treated with antibiotics or raised under germ free conditions (Cebra, 1999; Hall et al., 2008; Ivanov et al., 2009; Mazmanian et al., 2005; Naik et al., 2012).”
Temporal Stability of the Human Skin Microbiome (2016, neutral): “Future studies will deﬁne what and how extrinsic perturbations can alter the skin microbiota; these include antimicrobial treat-ment (e.g., Naik et al., 2012), probiotics, prebiotics, long-term environmental relocations, or diet (Kang et al., 2015).”
Microbiota in health and diseases (2022, background): “epidermidis was believed to strengthen the function of skin lymphocytes, thereby contributes to increased skin immunity.(118) In summary, as a primary part of the human immune system, the skin harbors a wide range of cells that perform functions of immunity such as macrophages, dendritic cells, lymp”