Internationalization and Firm Risk: An Upstream-Downstream Hypothesis

By C. Kwok, David M. Reeb. 2000

273 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Accounting, Economics and Econometrics, Strategy and Management

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/577556b3558f2fa52fb244170a28501cb9b25695

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Citations in the corpus

International Diversification: Antecedents, Outcomes, and Moderators (2006, unknown): “Kwok and Reeb (2000) argued that the relationship between systematic risk, leverage, and international diversification may depend on whether the diversifying firm is based in a more developed country or a less developed one.”
The Use of the Multinational Corporation as a Research Context (2003, unknown): “…mode of entry (e.g.,Chen & Hennart, 2002; Pothokuchi, Damanpour, Choi, Chen & Park, 2002), internationalization (e.g.,Athanassiou & Nigh, 2000; Kwok & Reeb, 2000; Sullivan, 1996), international entrepreneurship (e.g.,McDougall & Oviatt, 2000), and global diversification (e.g.,Hitt, Hoskisson…”
The cost of pride: Why do firms from developing countries bid higher? (2011, unknown): “…as a final test we repeat our tests by augmenting these macro-level indicators by target firm-specific measures of risk and growth opportunities – leverage (long term debt divided by total assets) and the market-to-book ratio (e.g., Kwok and Reeb 2000).40 Neither of these additional controls loads.”
A Multilevel Examination of the Drivers of Firm Multinationality (2012, unknown): “…of political influence, market imperfections, and various economic factors (e.g., market volatility, exchange rate instability), may create additional challenges for MNEs in host country markets, which negatively affects the likelihood of these MNEs to expand into these markets (Kwok & Reeb, 2000).”
Home country institutions and the internationalization of state owned enterprises: A cross-country analysis (2016, background): “The dependent variable, firm degree of internationalization was measured as foreign assets to total assets (FATA) (Kwok & Reeb, 2000), as we are primarily interested in the allocation of resources to international operations, and hence foreign direct investments.”
Information Environment and the Investment Decisions of Multinational Corporations (2013, background): “…of the information environment will be stronger when parents from developed countries invest in emerging economies.25 We classify countries into developed and emerging markets following Kwok and Reeb (2000) and the International Monetary Fund’s 1999 Capital Market Report (see Table 2, Panel A).”
Corporate boards and the performance of Asian firms: A meta-analysis (2012, background): “…is related to various environmental threats such as foreign exchange risk, limitations of market size, problems with market efficiency, institutional obstacles, and political risk (Kwok & Reeb, 2000; Lessard, 1985), which tend to be larger in emerging economies (Luo & Tung, 2007).”