Three-dimensional structure of the apoptosome: implications for assembly, procaspase-9 binding, and activation.

By Devrim Acehan, Xuejun Jiang, D. Morgan, J. Heuser, Xiaodong Wang, C. Akey. Molecules and Cells, 2002

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Ways of dying: multiple pathways to apoptosis. (2003, background): “A conformational change in Apaf-1, induced by cytochrome c from damaged mitochondria, allows it to recruit procaspase-9 via their homologous caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) and to oligomerize into a heptameric scaffold (Acehan et al. 2002).”
Apoptosis and melanoma chemoresistance (2003, background): “Once in the cytosol, cyt c binds the apoptotic activator 1 (Apaf-1) and in the presence of ATP coordinates a series of conformational changes that allow the oligomerization of Apaf-1 into a ring-like complex with a sevenfold symmetry referred to as the ‘apoptosome’ (Acehan et al., 2002).”
Cellular mechanisms controlling caspase activation and function. (2013, background): “Cytochrome c interacts with the adaptor protein, Apaf-1 (apoptotic protease activating factor-1), to form the heptameric backbone of the apoptosome complex, which recruits and activates caspase-9 through dimerization (Liu et al. 1996; Zou et al. 1997; Acehan et al. 2002; Boatright et al. 2003).”
Mechanisms of caspase activation and inhibition during apoptosis. (2002, background): “The three activation of procaspase-9 (Acehan et al., 2002) (Figure dimersional structure of caspase-8: an initiator enzyme in apoptosis.”