Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-induced signals up-regulate IL-22 production and inhibit inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.

By I. Monteleone, A. Rizzo, M. Sarra, G. Sica, P. Sileri, L. Biancone, T. Macdonald, F. Pallone, G. Monteleone. Gastroenterology, 2011

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Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease. (2018, unknown): “Some functional relevance is also seen in humans, as pharmacological activation of AhR reduces the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFNɣ and increases the production of IL-22 in lamina propria mononuclear cells from IBD patients (Monteleone et al., 2011).”
Indoleacrylic Acid Produced by Commensal Peptostreptococcus Species Suppresses Inflammation. (2017, background): “Previous studies 34 Cell Host & Microbe 22, 25–37, July 12, 2017 have also shown that tryptophanmetabolites signal through AhR to promote IL-22 secretion or through PXR to regulate mucosal integrity (Lamas et al., 2016; Monteleone et al., 2011; Zelante et al., 2013).”
Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22. (2013, unknown): “We administered IAld to WT and Ahr / mice with mucosal candidiasis or with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, a model in which AhR signaling inhibits inflammation via IL-22 (Monteleone et al., 2011).”