Studies on free radicals, antioxidants, and co-factors

By K. Rahman. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2007

1,241 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The interplay between free radicals, antioxidants, and co-factors is important in maintaining health, aging and age-related diseases. Free radicals induce oxidative stress, which is balanced by the body’s endogenous antioxidant systems with an input from co-factors, and by the ingestion of exogenous antioxidants. If the generation of free radicals exceeds the protective effects of antioxidants, and some co-factors, this can cause oxidative damage which accumulates during the life cycle, and has been implicated in aging, and age dependent diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and other chronic conditions. The life expectancy of the world population is increasing, and it is estimated that by 2025, 29% of the world population will be aged ≥60 years, and this will lead to an increase in the number of older people acquiring age-related chronic diseases. This will place greater financial burden on health services and high social cost for individuals and society. In order to acheive healthy aging the older people should be encouraged to acquire healthy life styles which should include diets rich in antioxidants. The aim of this review is to highlight the main themes from studies on free radicals, antioxidants and co-factors, and to propose an evidence-based strategy for healthy aging.

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Citations in the corpus

Total Phenolic Content, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Vegetables from Western Nepal (2019, background): “optimal cellular functions under increased oxidative stress and therefore dietary antioxidants may be necessary [5].”
Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles (2016, background): “AgNPs triggered free radicals cause reduction of glutathione (GSH) into its oxidized form glutathione disulfide (GSSG), thereby contributing to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and activation to oxidative signaling pathways (Rahman, 2007; Fenoglio et al., 2008).”
Determination of SOD, POD, PPO and CAT Enzyme Activities in Rumex obtusifolius L. (2016, background): “In this connection, antioxidant enzyme rich fruits and vegetables are effective preservers of various diseases [3].”
Food waste: a potential bioresource for extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds (2017, background): “…in excess of the defensive effects of antioxidants and some co-factors causes oxidative damage which gets accumulated during life cycle resulting in aging, and chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and other life style diseases (Rahman 2007).”
A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection (2020, background): “Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cell communication [77], for example, at high concentrations they can denature structural and functional cell components such as lipids and proteins [78,79].”
The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state (2015, background): “There is growing evidence to support a link between increased levels of ROS/RNS and deteriorated activities of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in various diseases [2, 147].”
Achieving the Balance between ROS and Antioxidants: When to Use the Synthetic Antioxidants (2013, background): “It should work in aqueous and/or membrane domains and effect gene expression in a positive way [9].”
Natural antioxidants as stabilizers for polymers (2017, background): “Natural antioxidants (AO) can be divided into two main groups, namely enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants [21].”
Zinc in Infection and Inflammation (2017, background): “Exogenous antioxidants include vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids including vitamin A, polyphenols including flavonoids and minerals such as zinc, copper, manganese, iron, and selenium [63,65].”
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-κB signaling (2017, background): “Antioxidant enzymatic mechanisms involve enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and heme oxygenase (HO) (Castro and Freeman 2001; Rahman 2007; Bhattacharyya et al. 2014).”
Zinc and human health: an update (2011, unknown): “…dismutase (SOD), acting as a protective agent for thiols, and in preventing the interaction between chemical groups with iron to form free radicals, as well as acting as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (effective scavenger of radicals) (Davis et al. 1998; Tapiero and Tew 2003; Rahman 2007).”
First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid (2018, background): “and diseases is important in maintaining health, aging and agerelated diseases.(2) Input of exogenous antioxidants to human wellness has also been publicized.”