Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-κB signaling
By M. Jarosz, M. Olbert, Gabriela Wyszogrodzka, K. Młyniec, T. Librowski. InflammoPharmacology, 2017
606 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Zinc is a nutritionally fundamental trace element, essential to the structure and function of numerous macromolecules, including enzymes regulating cellular processes and cellular signaling pathways. The mineral modulates immune response and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Zinc retards oxidative processes on a long-term basis by inducing the expression of metallothioneins. These metal-binding cysteine-rich proteins are responsible for maintaining zinc-related cell homeostasis and act as potent electrophilic scavengers and cytoprotective agents. Furthermore, zinc increases the activation of antioxidant proteins and enzymes, such as glutathione and catalase. On the other hand, zinc exerts its antioxidant effect via two acute mechanisms, one of which is the stabilization of protein sulfhydryls against oxidation. The second mechanism consists in antagonizing transition metal-catalyzed reactions. Zinc can exchange redox active metals, such as copper and iron, in certain binding sites and attenuate cellular site-specific oxidative injury. Studies have demonstrated that physiological reconstitution of zinc restrains immune activation, whereas zinc deficiency, in the setting of severe infection, provokes a systemic increase in NF-κB activation. In vitro studies have shown that zinc decreases NF-κB activation and its target genes, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and increases the gene expression of A20 and PPAR-α, the two zinc finger proteins with anti-inflammatory properties. Alternative NF-κB inhibitory mechanism is initiated by the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, whereas another presumed mechanism consists in inhibition of IκB kinase in response to infection by zinc ions that have been imported into cells by ZIP8.
Subfields: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Nutrition and Dietetics, Pharmacology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/08c7c828a93ac751781cd26a9e0665f6ca0ce34c
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In Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
In Nutrition and Dietetics
Citations in the corpus
- A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection (2020, background): “Zinc Anti-inflammatory agent [53]; helps to modulate cytokine release [3,49] by dampening the development pro-inflammatory Th17 and Th9 cells [27,54,55] and influencing the generation of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α [56,57]; has antioxidant effects that protect against ROS and reactive ni”
- Zinc in Infection and Inflammation (2017, background): “Activation of NF-κB requires the phosphorylation of IκBs by the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which degrades the IκB and releases NF-κB and allows it to translocate freely to the nucleus so it can induce targeted gene expression [39,40].”