Six-and-a-half-month-old children positively attribute goals to human action and to humanoid-robot motion

By Kazunori Kamewari, Masaharu Kato, Takayuki Kanda, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Kazuo Hiraki. 2005

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Goal attribution to inanimate agents by 6.5-month-old infants. (2008, methodology): “The source of the differential pattern of looking times in the control groups of Kamewari et al. (2005) and the present study is not clear.”
'Obsessed with goals': functions and mechanisms of teleological interpretation of actions in humans. (2007, background): “The assumption that action-effect associations provide the basic mechanism for identifying goal-directed actions leads to significant limitations when it is used for action anticipation and seems to fail to capture the flexibility that characterizes human infants’ early competence in this regard.”
Rational Imitation in 12-Month-Old Infants (2006, background): “Most famously, Meltzoff (1995) found that in a series of imitation tasks, 18-month-old infants reproduced not the exact bodily motions of an adult, but the result the adult intended to achieve—even though all infants saw was the adult trying and failing to achieve the result.”
Psychological and Sociomoral Reasoning in Infancy (2014, background): “7 Csibra speculated that Kamewari et al. (2005) obtained negative results in their detour task with 6.5-month-olds when they used a box (as opposed to a human or a human-like robot) as the agent, not because these young infants could not reason about non-human agents, but because the box did not…”