Shaping the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation of the human motor cortex.

By Michael A. Nitsche, S. Doemkes, T. Karaköse, Andrea Antal, David Liebetanz, N. Lang, F. Tergau, Walter Paulus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2007

763 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4fcd7592ee9980da1f0488a89eaf4aae51771f92

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Citations in the corpus

Physiological and modeling evidence for focal transcranial electrical brain stimulation in humans: A basis for high-definition tDCS (2013, background): “Though the position and size of sponge electrodes can shape the effects of tDCS (Moliadze et al., 2010; Nitsche et al., 2007), overall current flow presumably remains diffuse (Bikson et al., 2010).”
Clinical Research with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): Challenges and Future Directions (2011, neutral): “Alternatively, enhancing the size of one electrode, thus reducing current density, might enable functional monocephalic stimulation also with a bicephalic electrode montage.(58) Direct current stimulation can also be delivered over noncortical brain areas.”
Optimization of multifocal transcranial current stimulation for weighted cortical pattern targeting from realistic modeling of electric fields (2013, neutral): “The return (or " reference " ) electrode is normally positioned in an area which is presumed not to play a role (e.g., " over the contralateral supra-orbital region " ), and sometimes it is chosen to have a larger area than the " active " one so that its effects diffuse (Nitsche et al., 2007).”
Combining non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation with neuroimaging and electrophysiology: Current approaches and future perspectives (2016, neutral): “Up till now, a coarse estimation of the current density (mA/cm(2)) at the scalp level is assumed to determine the effectiveness of TCS (Nitsche et al., 2007; Nitsche and Paulus, 2000).”
Safety of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Evidence Based Update 2016 (2016, background): “Standard tDCS electrodes (pads) are typically square 5 × 5 cm or 5 × 7 cm, though both smaller and larger electrode assemblies have been explored [22], as well as circular pads.”
Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines (2017, background): “The size of the electrode contact area (which for tDCS/tACS is defined as the electrolyte/skin interface) ranges between about 1 cm2 and up to about 100 cm2 (Bortoletto et al., 2016, Ho et al. , 2016, Kronberg and Bikson, 2012, Nitsche et al. , 2007a).”
Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008 (2008, result): “When compared with a large 35 cm(2)-sized electrode, the small electrode resulted in a much more spatially limited excitability modification.(27) However, the effects of small electrodes could differ qualitatively due to: (a) differential shunting of current in the scalp; (b) greater edgeeffect rela”
A technical guide to tDCS, and related non-invasive brain stimulation tools (2015, methodology): “This however seems not to be the case, at least for tDCS (Nitsche et al., 2007b).”
Gyri –precise head model of transcranial DC stimulation: Improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad (2009, neutral): “tDCS is considered to be poorly focused using rectangular-pad electrode configurations.(14-17) The spatial focality of induced cortical EF/current densities has been proposed to improve using reduced electrode sizes,(16-18) appropriate placement of electrodes,(15,17,19) and ring electrode configurat”
Comparing cortical plasticity induced by conventional and high-definition 4 × 1 ring tDCS: a neurophysiological study. (2013, neutral): “The larger return electrode was chosen to reduce the possible sensation and modulatory effect on the non-targeted brain area, as we have previously shown that this montage results in identical plastic effects at the stimulation site, as compared to the conventional protocols with two 35 cm2 electrod”
Battery powered thought: Enhancement of attention, learning, and memory in healthy adults using transcranial direct current stimulation (2014, neutral): “It should be noted, however, that the use of a large reference pole electrode has been shown to be less effective than a standard, similarlysized reference electrode for some applications (Nitsche et al., 2007).”