Laboratory efforts to cultivate noroviruses.

By E. Duizer, K. Schwab, F. Neill, R. Atmar, Marion Koopmans, M. Estes. Journal of General Virology, 2004

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Murine Norovirus: a Model System To Study Norovirus Biology and Pathogenesis (2006, background): “Until the discovery of MNV, in 2003, understanding of norovirus biology and pathogenesis was hampered by the lack of a cell culture system and a small animal model (16, 23).”
2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings (2007, methodology): “Although noroviruses cannot be propagated in cell culture, DNA detection by molecular diagnostic techniques has brought a greater appreciation of their role in outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease.(275) Reported outbreaks in hospitals,(132,142,276) nursing homes,(274,277-282) cruise ships,(283,284)”
Norovirus classification and proposed strain nomenclature. (2006, background): “Direct serotyping based on neutralization is not possible because no cell culture system has been established for growing this virus (Duizer et al., 2004).”
Replication of Norovirus in Cell Culture Reveals a Tropism for Dendritic Cells and Macrophages (2004, background): “Norovirus research, including the development of prevention and control strategies, has been hampered by the failure to grow these viruses in cultured cells despite extensive efforts (Duizer et al. 2004).”